Self-contained in-ground geothermal generator and heat exchanger with in-line pump used in several alternative applications including the restoration of the salton sea

ABSTRACT

Provided here is a system and method for harnessing geothermal energy for generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus. The system includes several devices operating separately in many different applications in energy sectors, including Self Contained In-Ground Geothermal Generator; the Self Contained Heat Exchanger; the In-Line-Pump/Generator; and preeminent drilling system for drilling wider and deeper wellbores. The system can be used for harnessing heat from accessible lava flows; harnessing the waste heat from the flame on top of flares stacks and similar cases. Also, included is an architectural solution for the restoration of the terminal lake, the Salton Sea, an area of prevalent geothermal sources, including dividing lake in three sections and importing seawater in central section with pipeline system; providing condition for tourism; treating farmland runoff waters; generating electricity including solar energy; and producing potable water and lithium as byproducts.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application toNikola Lakic entitled “SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR ANDHEAT EXCHANGER WITH IN-LINE PUMP AND SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS,”patent application Ser. No. 14/581,670, filed on Dec. 23, 2014, which isa continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application to Nikola Lakicentitled “SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR AND HEATEXCHANGER WITH IN-LINE PUMP,” patent application Ser. No. 14/154,767,filed on Jan. 14, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. PatentApplication to Nikola Lakic entitled “SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUNDGEOTHERMAL GENERATOR AND HEAT EXCHANGER WITH IN-LINE PUMP,” patentapplication Ser. No. 13/655,272, filed on Oct. 18, 2012, now U.S. Pat.No. 9,909,782, issued Mar. 6, 2018, which is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. Patent Application to Nikola Lakic entitled “SELF-CONTAINEDIN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” patent application Ser. No. 13/053,029,filed on Mar. 21, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,713,940, issued May 6, 2014;which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application to NikolaLakic entitled “SELF CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” patentapplication Ser. No. 12/197,073, filed on Aug. 22, 2008, now U.S. Pat.No. 8,281,591, issued Oct. 9, 2012; which is a continuation-in-part ofpatent application Ser. No. 11/770,543, filed Jun. 28, 2007, entitled“SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” now U.S. Pat. No.7,849,690, issued Dec. 14, 2010 the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated entirely herein by reference. This application is also acontinuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application entitled “APPARATUS FORDRILLING FASTER, DEEPER AND WIDER WELL BORE.” patent application Ser.No. 14/961,435, filed Dec. 7, 2015, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field

This invention relates generally to a self-contained in-groundgeothermal generator and heat exchanger for generation of electricityfrom geothermal source. This invention also relates to the effectivemethod of use of a heat source such as oil well flare stacks and lavafor production of electricity. This invention also relates to aneffective method for desalinization of water from a large body of saltywater by using heat from geothermal and solar source. This inventionalso relates to an in-line pump for fluid circulation, which can be usedfor cross-country pipelines. Also slightly modified in-line-pump can beused in different application for propulsion of amphibian airplanes,ships and other watercrafts. Also, presented invention relates to a newsystem for harnessing solar energy which is used in combination of thepipeline for importing seawater. Also, this invention relates to aproposal for the restoration of the Salton Sea—a terminal lake inCalifornia—which has an architectural element which incorporates severaltechnologies into self sustain functional organism.

State of the Art

Geothermal is a renewable energy source made possible by the sametectonic activity that causes local earthquakes and the risingmountains. Geothermal is endless supply of energy from which we cangenerate power. The earth's rigged outer shell, the lithosphere,consisting of the crust and upper mantle, rests upon the hotter and moreplastic region of the upper mantle, below the crust, called theasthenosphere. The thickness of the Earth's crust varies from a fewmiles to perhaps hundred fifty miles. Rock heated by magma deep belowthe surface boils water trapped in underground reservoirs—sometimes ashot as 700 degree F. Some of this hot geothermal water travels back upthrough faults and cracks and reaches the earth's surface as hot springsor geysers, but most of it stays deep underground, trapped in cracks andporous rock This natural collection of hot water is called a geothermalreservoir. We already enjoy some of this activity via natural hotsprings.

Presently, wells are drilled into the geothermal reservoirs to bring thehot water to the surface. At geothermal power plants, this hot water ispiped to the surface. Then, after removing silica, steam is created andused to spin turbines creating mechanical energy. The shaft from theturbines to the generator converts mechanical energy to electricalenergy. The used geothermal water is then returned down an injectionwell into the reservoir to be reheated, to maintain pressure, and tosustain the reservoir.

There are three kinds of geothermal power plants. The kind we builddepends on the temperatures and pressures of a reservoir.

-   -   1. A “dry” steam reservoir produces steam but very little water.        The steam is piped directly into a “dry” steam power plant to        provide the force to spin the turbine generator. The largest dry        steam field in the world is The Ge9+61ysers, about 90 miles        north of San Francisco. Production of electricity started at The        Geysers in 1960, at what has become the most successful        alternative energy project in history.    -   2. A geothermal reservoir that produces mostly hot water is        called a “hot water reservoir” and is used in a “flash” power        plant. Water ranging in temperature from 300-700 degrees F. is        brought up to the surface through the production well where,        upon being released from the pressure of the deep reservoir,        some of the water flashes into steam after removing silica in a        ‘separator.’ The steam then powers the turbines.    -   3. A reservoir with temperatures between 250-360 degrees F. is        not hot enough to flash enough steam but can still be used to        produce electricity in a “binary” power plant. In a binary        system the geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger,        where its heat is transferred into a second (binary) liquid,        such as isopentane, that boils at a lower temperature than        water. When heated, the binary liquid flashes to vapor, which,        like steam, expands across and spins the turbine blades. The        vapor is then condensed to a liquid and is reused repeatedly. In        this closed-loop cycle, there are no emissions to the air.

It's also a proven, relatively clean energy source. More than 30 nationssitting in earthquake and volcanic zones have extensively usedgeothermal power for decades.

Existing use of geothermal energy is limited with location. Geothermalresources are limited to the “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs at thecrustal plate boundaries. Much of the world is underlain (3-6 milesdown), by hot dry rock—no water, but lots of heat.

Presently, across the globe many countries are looking to the heat ofhot rocks for future energy need. In areas of the world where steam isnot as close to the surface as it is at the geysers, engineers areexperimenting with process called “hot dry rock technology” or “EnhanceGeothermal System” (EGS).

In hot dry rock geothermal technology there is no steam lock up in thehot rocks that exist down under the crust so scientist in the U.S.A.,Japan, England, France, Germany, Belgium and Australia, haveexperimented with piping water into this deep hot rock to create morehydrothermal resources for use in geothermal power plants. The simplesthot dry rock power plant comprises one injection well and two productionwells.

What they try to do is drill down an injection well into the rock andthen inject down into the well, under pressure, whatever water sourcethey happen to have on the surface, hoping that it will travel throughcracks and fissures as an underground heat exchanger in the hot graniteand provide underground reservoir and then drill more production wellsaround perimeter and try to recover that water and steam and pump itback to surface and then use it in a conventional or in a “binary” powerplant.

The invention of the coal-burning steam engine revolutionized industrialproduction in the 18^(th) c. and opened the way to the development ofmechanized transport by rail and sea. The modern steam engine, usinghigh-pressure superheated steam, remains a major source of electricalpower and means of marine propulsion, though oil has replaced coil asthe fuel in many installations and the reciprocating engine has givenway to the steam turbines.

Modern wells, mostly used in oil industry and geothermal plants, drilledusing rotary drills, can achieve lengths of over 38,000 feet (12 000meters). The well is created by drilling a hole 5 to 30 inches (13-76cm) in diameter into the earth. Drilling technology is improving everyday.

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustiondevice used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemicalplants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gasproduction sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigsand landfills. Whenever industrial plant equipment items areover-pressured, the pressure relief valve provided as essential safetydevice on the equipment automatically release gases which are ignitedand burned. The heat from the flame on top of flare stacks dissipates inair and has not been harnessed efficiently.

In several decades, had been mentioned proposals by many people aboutimporting water from the Ocean into the Salton Sea—but they all failedto address following:

-   -   1. How to prevent pollution of the lake. Just importing seawater        wouldn't stop pollution; (Nearby farmlands runoff water contains        fertilizers and pesticides enter the lake.)    -   2. Desalination of the lake—They were proposing processes such        as reverse osmosis and distillers which require a substantial        amount of electricity, maintenance of filters, etc.;    -   3. The practicality of the projects—They were proposing canals        and/or tunnels, and dozens pipes, and extreme cost which could        not be repaid to investors.        Solar Systems        There are several solar systems used today. Thermal solar system        using mirrors panels focusing on central pipeline. The parabolic        mirrors are shaped like quarter-pipes. The sun shines onto the        panels made of glass, which are 94% reflective, unlike a typical        mirror, which is only 70% reflective. The mirrors automatically        track the sun throughout the day. The greatest source of mirror        breakage is wind, with 3,000 mirrors typically replaced each        year. Operators can turn the mirrors to protect them during        intense wind storms. An automated washing mechanism is used to        periodically clean the parabolic reflective panels. The term        “field area” is assessed as the actual collector area.        Heat transfer—The sunlight bounces off the mirrors and is        directed to a central tube filled with synthetic oil, which        heats to over 400° C. (750° F.). The reflected light focused at        the central tube is 71 to 80 times more intense than the        ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oil transfers its heat to        water, which boils and drives the cycle steam turbine, thereby        generating electricity. Synthetic oil is used to carry the heat        (instead of water) to keep the pressure within manageable        parameters.        In solar power industry there are solar power plant having        mirrors focused on central tower where heat is transferred and        electricity generated by binary power unit.        There are solar power plants with photo voltaic PV panels with        or without sun-tracking mechanism which generate electricity        directly from sunlight, but there are not very efficient        systems.        In hydro power industry there are water pumping systems using        pumping stations and axial turbine generators.        In watercraft industry there are propulsion devices for        amphibian airplanes, ships and other watercraft using        propellers.

Accordingly, there is a need in the field of geothermal energy for anapparatus and method for efficiently using the enormous heat resourcesof the Earth's crust that are accessible by using current drillingtechnology and also a universal portable heat exchange system forharnessing heat from sources such as lava and flare stacks whichotherwise is dissipating in air. There is also a need in the field ofsolar energy for an apparatus and method for efficiently using solarenergy. There is also a need for efficiently importing and usingseawater for generation of electricity and potable water. There is alsoneed in field of propulsion of watercraft for more efficient propulsiondevice.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a new method of using inexhaustible supply ofgeothermal energy effectively. The present invention relates to a selfcontained, in-ground geothermal generator, which continuously produceselectric energy from renewable geothermal resources. Specifically, thisinnovative method uses heat from dry hot rocks, thus overcoming seriouslimitations and obstacles associated with using hydrothermal reservoirs,as is the case in conventional geothermal technology, or in experimentalEnhance Geothermal System (EGS). The generator is not limited to therelatively “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs as is the case inconventional geothermal power plants.

By lowering the unit with cables into pre-drilled well to the desiredlevel and temperature, geothermal energy becomes controllable andproduction of electric energy becomes available. Electricity is producedby generator at the in-ground unit and is then transmitted up to theground surface by electric cable.

We also have developed a new technology for drilling deeper and widerwell bores which eliminates limitations, well known in contemporarydrilling technologies, relevant to depth and diameter which willdrastically reduce drilling cost, as disclosed in U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/276,967, filed Sep. 19, 2009, and ProvisionalApplication No. 61/395,235, filed May 10, 2010—Title: APPARATUS FORDRILLING FASTER, DEEPER AND WIDER WELL BORE; U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/397,109, filed: Jun. 7, 2010—Title: PROPOSAL FORCONTROLING DISFFUNCTIONAL BLOW OUT PREVENTER; International ApplicationNumber: PCT/US10/49532—Filed on Sep. 20, 2010, (after holyday)—Title:APPARATUS FOR DRILLING FASTER, DEEPER AND WIDER WELL BORE; applicationSer. No. 13/424,184, filed Mar. 19, 2012—now U.S. Pat. No. 9,206,650issued Dec. 8, 2015—Title: APPARATUS FOR DRILLING FASTER, DEEPER ANDWIDER WELL BORE; Pending application Ser. No. 14/961,435, filed Dec. 7,2015, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.Additionally, Applicant disclosed embodiments of the present inventionin a presentation, including presentation material, at the NationalAssociation of Environmental Professionals (“NAEP”) meetings held inDurham, N.C. on Mar. 30, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporatedentirely herein by reference. Further, embodiments of this presentinvention was submitted in a request for information for Salton SeaWater Importation Projects by California Natural Resources Agency madeMar. 12, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated entirely hereinby reference.

Relatively cheap and clean electric energy continuously produced fromgeothermal renewable source, beside common use in homes and businesses,can be used for production of hydrogen which can be used as a cleansource of energy in many applications including the auto industry or canbe used to recharge electric car batteries, and can eventually replaceddepleting, expensive and polluting oil, coal and other fossil fuels,which are used to create electricity. Nuclear power plants with verytoxic waste material can also be replaced.

The self contain in-ground geothermal generator comprises a slimcylindrical shape, which, positioned vertically, can be lowered with asystem of cables deep into the ground in a pre-drilled well. The selfcontained generator includes a boiler with water or working fluid,turbines, a gear box, an electric generator, a condenser distributor, acondenser with a system of tubes for returning water back into theboiler, an electric cable for transporting electric energy up to theground surface and a cooling system which comprises a separate system ofclose loop thermally insulated tubes, which are connected with heatexchanger on ground surface.

The self contained in-ground geothermal generator also contains aninternal and external structural cylinder. The space formed betweenexternal and internal cylinders and plurality of tubes within is part ofthe condenser which cools and converts exhausted steam back in liquidstate and returns it back as feed water into boiler for reheating.

In this method of using the geothermal generator, water or working fluidcontained within the boiler is converted to high-pressure, super heatedsteam due to heat from hot rocks contained within a pre-drilled wellbelow the Earth's surface. The steam is used to produce electric energywhich is transmitted up to the ground surface by the electric cable.

The cooling system is a close loop tube which cools condenser bycirculating water through the peripheral chamber of the condenser,formed between external and internal cylinders, and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated pipes. The heat onground surface is then used to produce additional electricity in a“binary” power plant through system of several heat exchangers. Theperipheral chamber of the condenser surrounds and cools turbine andelectric generator departments. Alternatively, the heat exchanger onsurface can be used for heating individual buildings.

The cooling system for self contained geothermal generator is anindependent close loop tube system, which, as an alternative system, canbe modify and operate independently as a heat exchanger. Namely, insteadcirculating water through condenser formed between external and internalcylinders, it can circulate water through coiled pipe, which function asa heat exchanger, deep in ground, and then exchange heat up on theground surface through system of heat exchangers. Both of these twoclose loop systems, (cooling system for self contained in-groundgeothermal generator and an independent in-ground heat exchanger) havethermally insulated pipes to prevent heat exchange between heatexchangers and have at least one water pump to provide liquidcirculation through the pipe line and to reduce hydrostatic pressure atthe lower part of the close loop system.

There are many areas in many countries with earthquake and volcaniczones where hot rocks can be reached in relatively short distance fromthe ground surface.

Self contained geothermal generator is lowered deep in ground to the hotrocks. The bottom part of the boiler may have several vertical indents(groves) to increase its conductive surface thereby increasingconductivity of heat from hot rocks to the water inside boiler, whichproduces high-pressure superheated steam, which than turns the turbines.

The axle of the turbine is a solid shaft and is connected to the axle ofthe rotor of the electric generator, which is a cylindrical shaft thatrotates within generator and generates electricity. The cylindricalshape of the rotor shaft allows for steam to pass through to thecondenser's distributor. The cylindrical shaft of the rotor alsofunctions as a secondary turbine. It has a secondary set of small bladesattached to the inside wall and positioned to increase the rotation ofthe rotor. Exhausted steam then reaches the condenser through a systemof tubes where the steam condenses and returns to the boiler as feedwater through a feed water tank. This process is repetitive and isregulated with two sets of steam control valves and boiler feed waterpumps, which can be activated automatically by pressure or heat orelectronically by sensors and a computer in a control room on the groundsurface.

The purpose of the gear box, or converter, which is located between theturbines and the generator, is to neutralize momentum produced by thespinning turbines by changing the direction of the rotor of thegenerator. Thus the rotor of the generator spins in the oppositedirection than the main turbines.

The boiler of the self contained in-ground geothermal generator isfilled with water after all assembly is lowered to the bottom of thewell through separate set of tubes to reduce weight of whole assemblyduring lowering process. The same tubes are also used to supply,maintain and regulate necessary level of water in boiler.

The condenser which surrounds and cools turbine and electromagneticgenerator, but not boiler, is insulated from external heat of hot rockswith a layer of heat resistant insulation. An additional peripherallayer of insulation can be aluminum foil. Whole assembly of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator can be treated with specialcoat of rust resistant material.

The boiler of the assembly can be filled, beside water, also withliquid, such as isopentane, that boils at a lower temperature than waterto make the unit functional at less dept or a lower temperature.

Also, coolant for condenser can be filled, beside water, with otherliquid with higher boiling point than water.

The step-up transformer can be added on top of unit or can be separatedfrom assembly and carried with separate cable to reduce the weight ofthe assembly. If needed, several transformers can be added and spaced atnecessary distance (levels). (Transformer is not illustrated in thedrawings). Within the transformer, the voltage is increased before thepower is sent to the surface and power lines to carry electricity tohomes and businesses.

In the boiler there is a safety check valve to release steam, if needed,in emergency such as if control valves malfunction.

There is a set of protruded holding pins on each assembly segment so itcan be carried with a set of separate cables to reduce tension on maincable during lowering or lifting of the assembly.

There are structural ribs between internal and external cylinders toimprove structural integrity of the assembly in high pressureenvironment.

All segments can be welded or bolted on surface during lowering process.

All carrying cables, supply tubes, coolant tubes, control cables,lubrication line and electric cable are at appropriate length segmentedto be easily attached and reattached.

After the well is drilled the portable or permanent tower can be builtwith system of ratchets for lowering or lifting the assembly. The wellcan be filled with water and controlled buoyancy of the apparatus usedfor lifting and lowering the assembly.

The potential for geothermal energy is huge. The Earth has aninexhaustible supply of energy. The question was, until now, how to usethat heat efficiently. With invention presented here, SELF-CONTAINEDIN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR (SCI-GGG) and HEAT EXCHANGER (SCI-GHE)with IN-LINE PUMP used in SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS including theRESTORATION OF THE SALTON SEA we will be able to tap the true potentialof the enormous heat resources of the earth's crust and other heatsources.

One embodiment of this invention is a method to provide affordable andclean electric energy continuously produced from geothermal renewablesource—not limited to the “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs. Besidecommon use in homes and businesses, it can be used for production ofhydrogen which can be used as a clean source of energy in manyapplications including auto industry and eventually replaced depleting,expensive and polluting oil, coal and other fossil fuels which are usedto create electricity. Nuclear power plant with very toxic wastematerial can also be replaced.

Another embodiment of the SCI-GHE system is to be used in reverse orderto heat (warm) the ground adjacent solidified oil formations in order toliquefy it for easier extraction to the ground surface.

A further embodiment of this invention is to provide geothermalgenerator assembled in vertical position, containing boiler with water,turbines, an electric generator, condenser with system of pipesreturning feed water back to the boiler.

A still further embodiment of this invention is to provide a gear box(converter) located between turbines and generator to neutralizemomentum produced by spinning turbines, by changing direction of therotor of the generator to spin in opposite direction of the mainturbines.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the cooling system isindependent close loop tube which has at least two heat exchangers;first one down in the well and second one on the ground surface. Firstone which absorbs heat from condenser by circulating cool water throughthe peripheral chamber of the condenser, formed between external andinternal cylinders, and then transfers the heat up on ground surfacewhere heat is exchanged through second heat exchanger, which is a coiledpipe coupled into binary power unit, and then cooled water returned tothe condenser again.

A further embodiment of this invention is that independent close looptube has at least one pump to circulate water through the system, and toreduce hydrostatic pressure.

A further embodiment of this invention is that an alternativeindependent close loop tube system which has at least two heatexchangers; first one which is a coiled pipe (tube) down in the well andsecond one which is also a coiled pipe (tube) on the ground surface.First one which absorbs heat from surrounding hot rocks by circulatingcool water through heat exchanger (coiled pipe) and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated pipe where heat isexchanged through second heat exchanger (also a coiled pipe).

A further embodiment of this invention is that independent close looptube has at least one pump to circulate water through the system, and toreduce hydrostatic pressure. (The ratio of the speed and pressure insidethe closed loop line are constant. P (pressure)×V (speed)=constant. Morespeed=less pressure.)

A further embodiment of this invention is that each of those two closeloop systems, whether cooling system for self contained in-groundgeothermal generator or an independent in-ground heat exchanger providesslim cylindrical design which is suitable to functions in a single wellwith a set of powerful in-line pumps to provide substantial fluid flow.

Another embodiment of this invention is to provide structural externaland structural internal cylinders with a cooling chamber, the condenserformed between them, which surrounds and cools turbine and electricgenerator departments.

A further embodiment of this invention is that there are structural ribsbetween internal and external cylinders to improve structural integrityof the assembly in high pressure environment.

A still further embodiment of this invention is that all carryingcables, supply tubes, coolant tubes, control cables, lubrication lineand electric cable are at appropriate length segmented to be easilyattached and reattached to the cables connector platforms.

A further embodiment of this invention is that external structuralcylinder of the boiler has external and internal indentations toincrease conductive surface and to increase conductivity of heat to thewater inside boiler.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the boiler of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator can be partially filled withwater after whole assembly is lowered to the bottom of the well throughseparate hose to reduce weight of whole assembly during loweringprocess. Lowering of the assembly can be accomplished by using buoyancyby controlling water level in boiler and in wellbore.

Another embodiment of this invention is that necessary level of waterinside the boiler of the self contained in-ground geothermal generatorcan be supplied and regulated from control room on ground surface.

A farther embodiment of this invention is that condenser which surroundsand cools whole unit, except boiler, is insulated from external heat ofhot rocks with layer of heat resistant insulation.

Another embodiment of this invention is that there is a set of protrudedholding pins on each assembly segment so it can be carried with set ofseparate peripheral cables to reduce tension on main cable duringlowering or lifting the assembly.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that geo-thermal energybecomes controllable and production of, relatively cheap, electricenergy available by lowering unit with a cable into a pre-drilled wellto the desired level and temperature.

A further embodiment of this invention is that electricity is producedby a generator at the in-ground unit and transmitted to the groundsurface by electric cable.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the heat exchange systemswhether used to cool condenser of the geothermal generator orindependent in-ground coil—a heat exchanger to absorb heat from hotrocks consist of closed loop system further comprises a series ofin-line water pumps periodically inserted along the closed loop linewherein each of the in-line water pumps consist of electromotorcomprising spiral blade within a hollow central shaft of the rotorcreating a force to move fluid through the closed loop line.

A further embodiment of this invention is that assembling tower can beused as a platform for wind mill if geothermal power plant is located inwindy area.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that this method of producingelectric energy can be used in global climate crises, which couldhappen, such as ice age, in which instant agriculture could continue ingreen houses gardens where artificial lights and heat are applied.

A further embodiment of this invention is that method of producingelectricity with the self contained in-ground geothermal generator canbe applied on another planets and moons with geothermal potential andwhere sun-light is insufficient.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that self contained heatexchanger as an universal portable exchange system can be used in manyapplications for harnessing heat from sources such as lava and flarestacks which otherwise is dissipating in air.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that self contained heatexchanger can be used for desalinization of large body of salty water.

A further embodiment of this invention is that In-Line Pump used forfluid circulation in closed loop systems can be also used incross-country pipe-lines as generator in downhill route and aselectromotor in uphill routes.

A further embodiment of this invention is a proposal for restoration ofthe Salton Sea (a terminal lake in California) which consist of anarchitectural design which incorporates several technologies modified toaccommodate local conditions of the Salton Sea area into self sustainfunctional organism; and transform the situation of liability intosituation of assets.

A further embodiment of this invention is a proposal for restoration ofthe Salton Sea which include several options based on the sameconcept: 1) Dividing lake into three sections; 2) Importing seawaterfrom the Ocean; and 3) Harnessing prevalent geothermal energy.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that power plant is based onarray of multi power units of medium or smaller sizes which can extractheat from underground heat source more efficiently and with lesslimitations than in conventional systems where one big power unit isused and supplied with fluids from natural or manmade hydrothermalreservoir.

Another embodiment of this invention is that high salinity brine frombottom of the lake and bottom of the filtration ponds and bottom of theboilers of the power units stored into wellbore to function as mediumfor heat conduction from hot rocks to first heat exchanger of the heatexchange system and later used as a source for extraction of lithium.

Another embodiment of this invention is that gravity is used to separatehigher salinity water and extract it from bottom of body of water.

Another embodiment of this invention is that higher salinity water isused in boilers of Power plants.

Another embodiment of this invention is that heat extracted fromgeothermal source by heat exchange system is used for generation ofelectricity

Another embodiment of this invention is that heat from geothermal sourceis used for desalinization of the salty water.

Another embodiment of this invention is that heat from geothermalsources is used for production of potable water.

Another embodiment of this invention is that heat of geothermal sourcesis used for production of high salinity brine which is used as a sourcefor extraction of lithium and other elements and minerals.

Another embodiment of this invention is that pipeline uphill suction hasmulti branches with slower fluid speed in it to accommodate the samevolume of fluid in downhill pipeline section having higher fluid speed.

Another embodiment of this invention is that intake section of thepipeline has multi branches to accommodate necessary fluid volume of thepipeline with slower suction speed for the safety of marine life.

Another embodiment of this invention is that outline (Delta) section ofthe pipeline has multi branches with gradually smaller diameter andcorresponding in-line-generators to maximize the extraction of energywith gradually lesser fluid speed and to accommodate necessary fluidvolume of the pipeline.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the same pumping system forimporting seawater can be used, with minor adjustments, for exportinghigh salinity water (concentrated salty water at the bottom of the lake)from the Salton Sea into the Ocean by switching the direction ofrotation of the In-Line-Pump/Generator.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the In-Line-Pump can beused for cross-country pipelines.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the In-Line-Pump can beused in different application for propulsion of amphibian airplanes,ships and other watercrafts.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the pipeline is used as afoundation for solar panels which are repetitive unites of the “pipelinesolar power plant”.

Another embodiment of this invention is that Thermo Optic Solar systemis compact encapsulating the heat exchanger and can be produced in shapeof conventional PV solar panels, dish or any other convenient shape.

Another embodiment of this invention is a proposal for the restorationof the Salton Sea—a terminal lake in California—which has anarchitectural element which incorporates several technologies into selfsustain functional organism.

Brief Description of the Proposal for the Restoration of the Salton Sea

Presented proposal for the restoration of the Salton Sea includes anarchitectural element which harmoniously incorporates several patentedtechnologies into a self-sustaining organism.

In the presented proposal are included several options based on the sameconcept: 1) Dividing lake into three sections; 2) Importing seawaterfrom the Ocean; and 3) Harnessing prevalent geothermal energy.

Presented Proposal for the Restoration of the Salton Sea consists ofseveral phases which can be built at the same time and be completed in aperiod of 3-4 years. Proposal includes: Dividing lake into threesections (big central section and two smaller northern and southernsections); Importing seawater from the Ocean into central section of thelake; Diverting flow of New River and Alamo Rivers back to Mexico;Implementing pipeline and sprinkler system for farmland to conservelimited source of water from Colorado River (canal); Implementing newsystem for harnessing solar energy in combination with pipeline system;Implementing new system for harnessing prevalent geothermal energy whichis accessible in the Salton Sea area by using completely closed loopsystem for generation of electricity, desalinization of the lake andproduction of the potable water as a free byproduct; Providing sourcefor extraction of lithium; Providing vast wildlife sanctuary; Providingcondition for tourism (exclusive real-estate, beaches, resorts, hotels,etc.).

Presented proposal transforms the situation of the Salton Sea from theliability which would exceed $70 billion (environmental disaster—toxicdust storms, health issues, and economic fold)—to the tremendous assets(clean environment and hundreds billion dollars in revenue)—costing onlyabout $10 billion.

Overview of the Salton Sea Situation:

a) The Salton Sea is California's largest lake and is presently 50%saltier than the Ocean. The Salton Sea is a “terminal lake,” meaningthat it has no outlets. Water flows into it from several limitedsources, but the only way water leaves the sea is by evaporation.

b) The lake is shrinking exposing the lakebed and precipitating highersalinity levels and environmental issues as well as a serious threat toits multi-billion-dollar tourist trade.

c) Under the terms of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA) thelake's decline is set to accelerate starting in 2018. About the ⅓ ofinflow water from the canal will be diverted to San Diego and CoachellaValley.

d) Runoff water from nearby agricultural fields which containsfertilizers, pesticides and other pollutants from Mexicali contaminatethe Salton Sea and make it an undesirable tourist destination especiallyfor beach goers.

e) The lake is 35 miles long, 15 miles wide, and is located south ofPalm Springs in a basin 230 feet below sea level.

f) The Earth's crust at the southern part of the Salton Sea isrelatively thin. Temperature in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field canreach 680° F. (360° C.) less than a mile below the surface.

g) There have been many studies and complains about consequences for thenearby community if a solution for the Salton Sea is not found.

h) There have been several proposals involving importing ocean water,but they failed to address the salt balance and feasibility of theproject. It was wishful thinking—canals, tunnels, pipelines withoutaddressing the practicality of its implementation and with difficultiesattracting investors for such project that cannot generate revenue topay-off initial investment.

Summary of the Proposal for the Restoration of the Salton Sea:

The proposal for the restoration of the Salton Sea consists of fivephases:

Phase I—Connecting the Salton Sea with the Ocean with a pipeline 48″ (5pipelines on the uphill route and 1 pipeline on downhill route) forimporting seawater into the central section of the Lake (several optionsfor pipeline corridors are provided);

Phase II—Dividing lake into three sections by building two main dikes(two-lane roads) strategically positioned—One in northern and one in thesouthern part of the Salton Sea.

Phase III—Building one power plant using the “Scientific GeothermalTechnology” using completely closed loop heat exchange system (SCI-GHEsystem) at one of selected sector.

Phase IV—Building several more power plants using (SCI-GHE) system—onein each additional selected sector; and

Phase V—Continuing buildup of many additional power plants using(SCI-GHE) system at each selected sector;

Presented proposal for the restoration of the Salton Sea includes anarchitectural element which harmoniously incorporates several patentedtechnologies into a self sustaining organism.

The Key Elements of the Presented Proposal are:

1) Dividing the Salton Sea into three sections with two main dikes(two-lane roads) to prevent pollution of the larger central section ofthe lake which will provide the condition for tourism and wildlifesanctuary in smaller northern and southern sections.

2) Negotiating treaty with Mexico's officials about diverting the flowof the New River and Alamo River back in Mexico and getting corridor forimporting seawater from the Gulf of California.

3) Importing seawater from the Ocean in the central section of the lakeby using In-line-Pump/Generator system which generates electricity indownhill routes which can be used as a supplement to the energy neededfor horizontal and uphill routes;

4) Diverting flow of New River and Alamo Rivers back to Mexico fortreating and using it for refilling Laguna Salada or for farmland; (Tipsfor negotiations with Mexico's officials are included—we have leveragebecause Mexico needs that water)

5) Optionally, we can treat water from New River and Alamo River and useit for farmland;

6) Implementing pipeline and sprinkler system for farmland to conservelimited source of water from Colorado River (canal);

7) Generation of the electricity by harnessing prevalent geothermalsources with a new Scientific Geothermal Technology using completelyclosed loop system that is not limited to a known geothermal reservoir;

8) Generation of the electricity by using the pipeline as a foundationfor solar panels assembly and sharing the pipeline's “Right of Way”.

9) Desalinization of the lake and production of the potable water as afree byproduct;

10) Providing a source for extraction of lithium;

11) Providing vast wildlife sanctuary; and

12) Providing condition for tourism (exclusive real-estate, beaches,resorts, hotels, etc.).

The high salinity water has a tendency to accumulate at the bottom ofthe lake and can be used for operation of a new design of the geothermalpower plants. During the production process distilled water is producedas a byproduct. Also, additional salty water is produced in a boiler asa byproduct and frequently injected into a wellbore to be used as amedium for heat conduction from hot rocks to the first heat exchangerinside the wellbore. Periodically, the brine in the wellbore especiallyat the bottom will reach supersaturated state and needs to be excavatedthrough excavation line to the processing building and used as aninexpensive source for the extraction of the lithium. The injection wellof nearby conventional geothermal power plants can be used fordepositing waste material from new power plant into depleting geothermalreservoir. If needed, the waste material from new power plant can bediluted with water from bottom of the lake before being injected intodepleting geothermal reservoirs.

Alternatively, after extraction of lithium and other minerals the wastematerial can be deposited in selected and prepared pits throughout thedesert and covered with dirt as it is done at properly managed trashdumping sites.

Technology Summary:

There is an infinite source of energy under our feet, whether it is afew miles underground or on the ground surface in locations such asHawaii. The question was, until now, how to harness it expediently andefficiently without polluting the environment? Presented methodologycapitalizes on our planets natural internal heat.The essence of the “Scientific Geothermal Technology” is transferringheat from heat sources to the power units with completely closed loopsystems.

The “Self Contained In-Ground Geothermal Generator” (SCI-GGG) systemuses several completely closed loop systems and generates electricitydown at the heat source and transmits it up to the ground level by meansof electrical cables.

The SCI-GGG apparatus consists of: a boiler; a turbine; a converter; agenerator; a condenser distributor; and a condenser that is arranged tofunction in confined spaces such as in a well bore. The SCI-GGGG absorbsheat from the source of heat (hot rocks and/or geothermal reservoir) andgenerates electricity at the heat source which is transmitted by cableto the ground surface to electrical grids for use in houses andindustry.

In the process of cooling the engine compartments with a separate closedloop system which is the “Self Contained In-Ground Heat Exchanger”(SCI-GHE system) additional electricity is generated on the groundsurface.

The “Self Contained In-Ground Heat Exchanger” (SCI-GHE) system is anintegral part of the SCI-GGG system and can function independently. Thesystem consists of a closed loop thermally insulated line with 2 coiledpipes (heat exchangers) and a few in-line-pumps. The first heatexchanger is lowered to the bottom of the wellbore at the heat sourceand the second heat exchanger is coupled into a binary power unit on theground surface which produces electricity by using the Organic RankineCycle (ORC). Electricity is then transmitted through an electric grid.

Although the (SCI-GHES) system has a higher production capacity at thisproject at this early stage priority is given to the SCI-GHE systembecause of its less expensive production and easier maintenance.

The presented proposal also includes a method for harnessing geothermalenergy for generation of electricity by using complete closed-loop heatexchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus.

The In-Line-Pump is an integral part of both SCI-GGG and SCI-GHEsystems, circulating fluids through closed loop systems.

The In-Line-Pump is an electromotor cylindrical shape and is inserted asa repetitive segment in the pipeline. It has a hollow cylinder as ashaft of the rotor with continuous spiral blades inside hollow shaft. Ityields a maximum flow rate with limited diameter.Alternatively, the In-Line-Pump can be inserted as a repetitive segmentof a riser pipe for pumping fluids up to the ground surface fromreservoirs in which geo-pressure is low. Also, the In-Line-Pump can beused as a repetitive segment in cross-country pipeline for transportingoil, water, etc. In downhill route, it functions as a generator andgenerates electricity, which can be used to supplement in-line-pumps inhorizontal and uphill route.

The in-line-pump/Generator can be use as a “hydro jet propulsionelectric motor with continuous spiral blades” to be used as attachedpropulsion element to amphibian airplanes, ships and other watercraft.Ships are propelled forward by engine with a propeller. A propeller hasblades attached to a shaft which is rotated by piston engine, turbinesor electric motor. There are ships with electric motor and propellersthat can steer by rotating propeller with electromotor assembly aroundvertical axis.

Methodology for Drilling Faster, Deeper, and Wider WellBore

Contemporary drilling system has limitations how wide and deep wellborecan be drilled. Mud is injected through the pipe and through severalorifices at the drill bit. Mud circulates up between pipe and wall ofthe wellbore providing a necessary stream for cutting to be excavated.By increasing the size of the drill bit (wellbore) and/or by increasingthe depth of the wellbore it requires a substantial increase of pressureinside the pipe to form a corresponding stream for excavation ofcuttings;

Presented system for drilling faster, deeper and wider wellbore consistof motorized drill head; separate excavation line; separate fluiddelivery line; and separate closed loop cooling line engaged with BinaryPower Unit on the ground surface.

The Binary Power Unit consists of: a Boiler; Turbine/Pistons; aCondenser; and a Generator.

The boiler is coupled with coil (Heat Exchanger) from a separate closedloop engine cooling line circulating fluid from motorized drill head. Agenerator of the binary unit generates electricity to supplement powerfor the motorized drill head. Presented drilling apparatus hasretractable bits on the motorized drill head. Also, the casing of thewellbore can be built during the drilling process.

The diameter of the excavation line and rate of flow of mud and cuttingsthrough it and the diameter of the fluid delivery line and rate of fluidflow through it are in balance requiring only limited fluid column atthe bottom of the wellbore.

Fluid column may exist through the whole wellbore to sustain thewellbore during the drilling process, but not for excavation purpose.The excavation process continues regardless of the diameter of the drillhead (wellbore); therefore this method eliminates well-known drillinglimitations relative to the depth and diameter of the wellbore.

The Photo-Voltaic (PV) Panel Assembly System for Pipelines:

The Photo-Voltaic (PV) panel assembly system is designed to use pipelineas foundation and to share proportionally expenses for the “Right ofWay” and the profit.

The Photo-Voltaic (PV) panel assembly uses conventional PV panels with aspecial fastening device for the assembly to be attached to the segmentsof the pipeline. It also has sun-tracking mechanism.

Although PV solar panels are not very efficient energy suppliers thepipeline provides a substantial surface that otherwise would need to beselected, leased or purchased.

The Thermo Solar System (TS):

The Thermo Solar system (TS) presented here use the pipeline as afoundation and to share proportionally expenses for the “Right of Way”and the profit.

The Thermo-Optical Solar System (TOS):

The Thermo-Optical solar system (TOS) presented here use the pipeline asa foundation and to share proportionally expenses for the “Right of Way”and the profit—consist of a panel or dish with special configuration;evaporator with working fluid; power unit and condenser. The dish has aparabolic cavity with a reflective surface to reflect sunrays into thefocus of the parabolic cavity where part of the evaporator ispositioned. This system also uses lenses to focus sunrays in anadditional part of the evaporator. The Synthetic oil circulates throughthe heat exchanger which is connected to the evaporator in power unitwhich generates electricity. In this presentation, the Thermo-Opticalsolar system is engaged with the pipeline system by sharing the “rightof way” of the pipeline and using colder temperature of the pipeline forcooling the condensers.

Presented Thermo Optic Solar system is compact encapsulating rows ofmirrors and heat exchangers, and can be produced in shape ofconventional PV solar panels, dish or any other convenient shape whichmake it very efficient way of harnessing solar energy.

Presented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it can generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.

Desalinization System

Desalinization system consists of the “Self Contained In-Ground HeatExchanger” (SCI-GHE) system; distiller/evaporator; and a desalinationbuilding. The first heat exchanger coil of the SCI-GHE) system is placedat the source of heat and the second heat exchanger coil is coupled intodistiller for heating it, and wherein the distiller is filled with saltywater and used steam for operating a power unit (turbine and/or pistons)for generation of electricity.

Exhausted steam is condensed and collected as potable water. Theremaining salty water from distiller is transported through a pipingsystem into a desalination building and into containers for heating andevaporation. Containers with salty water are heated with a piping systemfrom the first closed loop system of the SCI-GHE system and partiallyfrom heat from the condenser. The desalination building is a closedstructure with a greenhouse effect and comprises: containers with saltywater and its delivery system; a heating system positioned undercontainers; a condenser positioned on upper portion of the building withits cooling system; a collection of freshwater and its distribution outof building; and collection and distribution of collected salt. Thedesalination building can be used for extraction of minerals andlithium.

Transformational Merit:

Regarding Geothermal Power Plants:

Presently, wells are drilled into the geothermal reservoirs to bring thehot water to the surface. At geothermal power plants, this hot water ispiped to the surface. Then, after removing silica steam is used to spinturbines creating mechanical energy. The shaft from the turbines to thegenerator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The usedgeothermal water is then returned down through injection well into thereservoir to be reheated, to maintain pressure, and to sustain thereservoir.

There are three kinds of geothermal power plants. The kind is builtdepends on the temperatures and pressures of a reservoir.

There is also an experimental Enhanced Geothermal System. In order tofunction properly Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) needs three crucialfactors: Horizontal rock formation, Permeability of the rocks, Heat anda substantial amount of Water. Those are serious limitations. The EGS isbased on exploring certain locations (nests) and injecting water inthose locations until heat from hot rocks is depleted (about 4-5 years)and then moving to another (preferably nearby) location and thenrepeating the process and after 3-5 years returning to previous locationwhich would by that time replenish the heat generated from radioactivedecay and internal heat. I call it “horizontal approach” sincegeothermal water between injection well and production well travelstypically horizontally.

The presented proposal implements the “Scientific GeothermalTechnology”. Embodiments of the system of the present invention promotea progressive “vertical approach” to reach and utilize heat from hotrocks or another heated surrounding environment rather than thehorizontal approach used in Enhanced Geothermal System (“EGS”).

Because the “Self Contained In-Ground Geothermal Generator” (SCI-GGGsystem) and “Self-Contained In-Ground Heat Exchanger” (SCI-GHE system)uses a completely closed loop systems, the permeability of the rocks,horizontal rock formations and substantial amount of underground wateris of lesser importance, because the systems operate in a “verticalapproach” and the heat exchanging surface of the wellbore can beincreased by drilling deeper wellbore. When cooling of surrounding rockseventually occurs, it would only be necessary to circulate thegeothermal fluid in a wellbore around the first heat exchanger with anin-line-pump secured below the first heat exchanger. Having anadditional dept of the wellbore, let's say a half mile below heatexchanger, with a diameter of 5′-6′ the heat exchanging surface of thewellbore will be sufficient and heat flux should not be an issueespecially if a temperature of the surrounding rocks is over 200° C.

If cooling of the rocks becomes an issue again we can turn on drillingapparatus, which is a permanent part of the heat exchange apparatus, anddrill an additional distance, let's say, a few hundred yards, to reachhot rocks and lower the apparatus at the new depth. The extended depthwill result in hotter rock formations and higher heat flux. Eventually,a point will be reached where heat extraction from rocks and heatreplenishment to the rocks from the heat generated by radioactive decayand internal heat will be in balance—equilibrium.

The power plant comprising an array of wellbores having an extendablelength for periodically extending the length of each wellbore; multiplepower units corresponding to each wellbore, wherein each power unitincludes a heat exchanger, each heat exchanger located within onewellbore of the array of wellbores, wherein the power generatedcorresponds to the number of wellbores and heat exchangers. The systemof power units is a modular system capable of easy adjustments andreproduction.

Regarding Source for Lithium Production:

Lithium—a soft silver-white element that is the lightest metal known—isin high demand because is used for the production of batteries, ceramic,aluminum, and alloys.

In Chile and Bolivia the brines that are used to produce lithium (andother alkali metals) are supersaturated and sitting on the surface inplayas (salt pans). That makes them much more economical than salinegroundwater. Bolivia has huge reserves that the government is planningto put into production in cooperation with foreign companies.

Seawater is a very poor source because the lithium concentration ofseawater is about 0.2 parts per million (e.g., recovery of 1 ton oflithium requires treating 5 million tons of water).

There are several known methods for production of lithium. The SRIInternational company is tasked with two-year mission by the EnergyDepartment's Geothermal Technologies Office—focusing on advances inlithium recovery from geothermal brines using ion-imprinted polymers. Tosupport this goal, SRI's immediate technical objective is to furtheradvance the performance and efficiency of ion-imprinted polymers toachieve optimal lithium separation rates exceeding 95%.

Earlier tests have already demonstrated that the polymer-based approachcan yield a retrievable rate of more than 90%, so the Energy Departmentis confident that SRI can further refine the process and push that rateover 95%. Curtsey to the article at the link below.

http://www.desertsun.com/story/tech/science/energy/2017/02/10/salton-sea-geothermal-plant-would-use-lithium-tech-caught-teslas-eye/97743092/.

The lithium can be produced from saturated brine, but the processes ofreaching saturated brine require extra efforts, processes, and energywhich increases production cost.

Presented proposal for the restoration of the Salton Sea, which can beimplemented with minor modifications in many similar locations worldwideprovide an inexpensive and renewable source of the saturated brine forwhichever process for extraction of lithium and other alkaline metalsand minerals are going to be used.

In the presented proposal a distiller/boiler is filled with salty waterfrom the nearby sources. After at least half of salty water from aboiler evaporates and after passing through turbine/pistons of the powerunit (plant) as exhausted steam, it is condensed as potable water. Theremaining, now higher salinity brine, from the boiler, is deposited(stored) into the wellbore to provide a medium for heat conduction fromhot rocks to the first heat exchanger in the wellbore. After a certainperiod of time at the bottom of the wellbore will be accumulated highlysaturated brine which frequently needs to be pumped out through theexcavation line to the processing building for extraction of lithium andother alkaline metals and minerals.

The processing building for extraction of lithium and other alkalinemetals and minerals is designed so to induce evaporation and collectpotable water without using additional electricity which alsocontributes to lower production cost.

Regarding Drilling System:

Contemporary drilling system has serious limitations how wide and deepwellbore can be drilled. Mud is injected through the pipe and throughseveral orifices at drill bit and circulates up between pipe and wall ofthe wellbore providing a necessary stream for cutting to be excavated.By increasing the size of the drill bit (wellbore) and/or by increasingthe depth of the wellbore it requires a tremendous increase of pressureinside the pipe to form a corresponding stream up for cuttings to beexcavated. Also, wellbore has gradually smaller diameter with eachsubsequent section because of the casing.

The presented proposal provides a solution for drilling deeper and widerwellbores with the constant diameter. Presented system for drillingfaster, deeper and wider wellbore consist of motorized drill head;separate excavation line; separate fluid delivery line; and separateclosed loop cooling line engaged with Binary Power Unit on the groundsurface. Presented drilling apparatus has retractable bits on themotorized drill head. Also, the casing of the wellbore can be builtduring the drilling process. The apparatus consists of the elevatorsliding over the drilling/excavation/heat exchange apparatus deliveringand installing casing sheets and concrete.

Regarding Pumping Stations:

Contemporary pumping stations and hydroelectric power plants areexpensive and have restrictions on a location, capacity, and access.

The presented proposal provides a solution for an efficient watertransfer.

Downhill routes of the pipeline can be built using several cascades with“split and join” hydropower plants to avoid buildup of extreme pressurein the pipeline especially in the last section of the final downhillroute. By using several cascades with several “split and join”hydropower stations this system will harness kinetic energy and minimizeloses. Also, final downhill route of the pipeline has “delta” systemhydropower plant to increase efficiency in harnessing kinetic energy bysplitting the flow of water after primary in-line-generators. The mainin-line-generators are the first generators after the cascade drop withless exposed spiral blades inside the shaft/pipe harnessing energy andallowing fluid flow to continue to the subsequent smaller pipes withslightly lesser speed. After exiting the main in-line-generators theflow is split into two subsequent smaller branches with smallerin-line-generators which have more exposed spiral blades insideshaft/pipe. By splitting fluid flow into smaller branches with lesserfluid flow speed in each subsequent branch, therefore, increasingefficiency of harnessing kinetic energy and at the same time allowingthe same mass of water to leave pipeline and enter the lake as theamount of water entering pipeline from the Ocean. The presented solutionincreased efficiency of harnessing kinetic energy and minimizes loss ofenergy that would occur due to resistance in the pipeline during 80miles long downhill route.

In order to accommodate the same amount of water exiting downhillpipeline the same amount of water needs to enter the pipeline at theuphill route. That is achieved by having several pipelines comprisingthe uphill route with lesser fluid speed through them.

Regarding Hydropower:

Conventional hydropower plants are limited to locations which requiresubstantial reservoir, expensive dam and power facility with turbines.Water exiting turbines of conventional hydropower plants havesubstantial mass and speed. Currently, that energy is not harnessed—itis lost.Presented the In-Line-Pump/Generator system can harness kinetic energy,after water exit turbine of conventional hydropower plants.Also, presented the In-Line-Pump/Generator system can harness kineticenergy at downhill aqueducts (pipeline) such as near Los Angeles whichcurrently is not harnessed—that energy is lost.

Regarding Propulsion:

As an alternative application, the in-line-pump/Generator can be use asa “hydro jet propulsion electric motor with continuous spiral blades” tobe used as attached propulsion element to amphibian airplanes, ships andother watercrafts. There are ships with electric motor and propellersthat can steer the ship by rotating electromotor assembly aroundvertical axis.

Currently, ships are propelled forward by engine with a propeller. Apropeller has blades attached to a shaft which is rotated by pistonengine, or electric motor.

Importing Seawater:

In several decades had been mentioned several proposal by differentauthors about importing water from the Ocean but they all failed toaddress: salinity balance of the lake—proposing expensive processes suchas reverse osmosis and distillers which require substantial amount ofelectricity, maintenance of filters, etc.; not addressing continuationof pollution from nearby farmland; practicality of theprojects—implementing canals, tunnels, etc.; and extreme cost whichcould not be repaid.

The presented proposal is quite different—it incorporates in finalcomprehensive design, several patented technologies—that have not beenaccessible to the authors of previous proposals. The presented proposalhas an architectural element which harmoniously incorporates severalpatented technologies in a functional self-sustaining organism.

Alternatively—If forever reason construction of the pipeline forimporting seawater into the Salton Sea is delayed, production of thePower Plants can continue with minor modification in design. Forexample: The boiler of power units can operate with working fluids suchas isobutene, isopentan, etc., instead off with salty water from thelake. In such case, the power plant would produce electricity, but wouldnot produce as byproduct potable water and would not produce saturatedbrine for the production of lithium. Later on, as pipeline is completedthe power plants could be modified to use seawater as originallydesigned.

In the meantime, during construction of the pipeline, as an alternative,the power plant could continue its operation using salty water from thebottom of the lake to generate electricity and saturated brine for theproduction of lithium. Produced potable water can be bottled or returnedinto the lake to sustain depleting lake and to reduce its salinity.

Since importing seawater from the Ocean, especially route over themountain, require a substantial amount of electric power, alternatively,one or two power plants, out of many proposed, can be designated forproduction of electricity to be used for importing seawater from theOcean. Cooperation of the pipeline system with the solar panel systemwill generate enough energy for operation of the pipeline and forselling rest to the grid.

Importing seawater from the Ocean is a fundamental phase of thiscomprehensive project on which other phases depend. There are severalpossible routes for importing seawater from the Ocean to the Salton Sea.

Solar Systems:

There are several solar systems used today. Thermal solar system usingmirrors panels focusing on central pipeline. The parabolic mirrors areshaped like quarter-pipes. The sun shines onto the panels made of glass.The greatest source of mirror breakage is wind, with 3,000 mirrorstypically replaced each year. This system require substantial footprintto operate on commercial scale. Location needs to be selected, leased orpurchased.

There are solar power plant having rows of mirrors focused on centraltower where heat is transferred and electricity generated by binarypower unit. Those systems require substantial footprint to operate oncommercial scale. Location needs to be selected, leased or purchased.Those conventional solar systems are large, cumbersome and bulky. Thosesystems are open systems that require frequent maintenance.

There are solar power plants with photo voltaic PV panels with orwithout sun-tracking mechanism which generate electricity directly fromsunlight. The PV system is not very efficient systems for harnessingsolar energy.

Presented the Thermo Optic Solar system is compact system encapsulatingrows of mirrors and the heat exchangers and can be produced in shape ofconventional PV solar panels, dish or any other convenient shape.

Presented the “Thermo Optic Solar” system is compact and more efficientsolar system. Also it can uses pipelines, existing or new, as itsfoundation so search for location, and lease or purchase of lend is notneeded—only a deal with pipeline owner.

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill be apparent from the following more detailed description of theparticular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in theaccompanying drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the figures of which:

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a self contained in-groundgeothermal generator, with main segments in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along line 1-1′ of FIG. 3 of aself contained in-ground geothermal generator, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the condenser distributor along line3-3′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the condenser and generator alongline 4-4′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view along line 5-5′ of FIG. 2illustrating the condenser and the gear box, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 6 is cross sectional view along line 6-6′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 7 is cross sectional view along line 7-7′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 8 is cross sectional view along line 8-8′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 9 is cross sectional view of the condenser and the turbines alongline 9-9′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 10 is cross sectional view of the feed water storage tank andturbines along line 10-10′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 11 is cross sectional view of the boiler along line 11-11′ of FIG.2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator, with main segments includingheat exchanger on the ground surface, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of an alternativeindependent heat exchange system, with main segments including a closeloop line, one heat exchanger deep in the ground and one on the groundsurface, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the binarygeothermal power plant on the ground surface, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of an alternativegeothermal power plant on the ground surface, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 16 is plain view of the geothermal power plant with 24 wells andcontrol center. For clarity and simplicity, is shown schematic diagramonly of one quarter of the plant (6 wells), in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 17 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant shown in FIG. 16 in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 18 is enlarged plain view of one heat exchanger tank illustrated inFIGS. 16 and 17, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the heat exchanger tanktaken along line 19-19′ of FIG. 18, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 20 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower forassembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-ground geothermalgenerator, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 21 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower forassembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-ground geothermalgenerator, with wind mill installed on it, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view taken along line 22-22′ of FIG. 23 ofan in-line pump in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view taken along line 23-23′ of FIG. 22 ofan in-line pump in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 24 illustrate an alternative schematic cross sectional diagram ofthe heat exchange system shown in FIG. 13, with main segments includinga thermally insulated close loop line, one heat exchanger in heat sourceenvironment and one in preferred environment, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 25 illustrate a schematic plain view diagram of the heat exchangesystem shown in FIG. 24 to be used in dysfunctional nuclear powercomplex in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 26 illustrate a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system shownin FIG. 24 to be used for production of electricity in a location wherelava is accessible in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 27 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of the heatexchange system shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production ofelectricity from heat source such as oil well flare stacks in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 28 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of an alternativeheat exchange system shown in FIG. 27;

FIG. 29 is a plain view of the heat exchange system shown in FIG. 24 tobe used for production of electricity from geothermal source anddesalinization of salty body of water in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 30 is an cross sectional view taken along line 30-30′ of FIG. 29,in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 31 is an cross sectional view taken along line 31-31′ of FIG. 29,in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 32 illustrate a perspective cross sectional diagram of analternative heat exchange system to be used in desalinization plan shownin FIGS. 29-31;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the cable andtube connector assembly in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 34 is an cross sectional view taken along line 33-33′ of FIG. 34,of the cable and tube connector assembly in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 35 is an cross sectional view taken along line 34-34′ of FIG. 33,in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 36 is a cross sectional view taken along line 35-35′ of FIG. 33, inaccordance with the invention.

FIG. 37 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of pipeline systems associated with restoration of the SaltonSea.

FIG. 38 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of pipeline systems for exchanging that water with oceanic waterand one section of geothermal power plants with an alternative coolingsystem, in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 39 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of pipeline systems associated with an alternative section ofgeothermal power plants, in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 40 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of pipeline systems with an alternative section of geothermalpower plants shown in FIG. 39 with an alternative cooling system, inaccordance with the invention.

FIG. 41 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of the geothermal powerplant with array of 24 wells. For clarity and simplicity, is shown onlyone quarter of the plant with 6 wells and corresponding 6 power units,in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 42 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant shown in FIG. 41 with an cooling system, inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 43 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant shown in FIG. 41 with an alternative coolingsystem, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 44 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant shown in FIG. 41 with an alternative coolingsystem, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 45 is an cross sectional view of one power unit taken along line45-45′ of FIG. 47, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 46 is an cross sectional view taken along line 46-46′ of FIGS. 45,47, and 48, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 47 is schematic diagrams of a geothermal power unite of the powerplant illustrated in FIG. 45 with an alternative secondary power unitaside, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 48 is a schematic diagram of an alternative power unite of ageothermal power plant modified for production of electricity, freshwater and extraction of minerals, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 49 is a cross sectional view of an alternative power unit takenalong line 49′-49′ of FIG. 48, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 50 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route connecting Salton Sea with Gulf of California, Mexico,associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 51 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route connecting Salton Sea with the Oceanside, through anexisting tunnel associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 52 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route connecting Salton Sea with the Oceanside, throughBeaumont associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 53 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route connecting Salton Sea with the Oceanside, through BorregoSprings associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 54 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route connecting Salton Sea with Long Beach, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 55 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of dikes and pipeline systems associated with restoration of theSalton Sea;

FIG. 56 illustrates enlarged plain view of southern section of theSalton Sea and schematic diagram of dikes and pipeline systemsassociated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 57 illustrates a plan view of an intersection of a pier and maindike in the southern section of the Salton Sea associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 58 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 58-58′ ofFIG. 56, of the southern section of the Salton Sea, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 59 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 59-59′ ofFIG. 61, of the tunnel, associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 60 illustrates a detail of a supporting element used in pipelinesthrough the tunnel, associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 61 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 61-61′ ofFIG. 59, of the tunnel, associated with restoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 62 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of a schematicdiagram of a pipeline connecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea used forcost calculation at different routes and elevations, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 63 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of pipelineconnecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea relevant to FIG. 62, inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 64 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a schematic diagram of apipeline connecting the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) and theSalton Sea shoving elevations, associated with restoration of the SaltonSea—Route #1.

FIG. 65 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of pipelineconnecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea relevant to FIG. 64, inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 66 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of a mid section of apipeline connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea.

FIG. 67 illustrates a plain view of a mid section of a pipelineconnecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea, relevant to FIG. 66, inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 68 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of the final downhillroute of a pipeline connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea.

FIG. 69 illustrates a typical plain view of the final downhill route ofa pipeline connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea, relevant to FIG.68, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 70 illustrates a cross-sectional longitudinal view taken along line70′-70″ of FIG. 72, of the primary In-Line-Generator used in thepipelines for importing seawater in the Salton Sea.

FIG. 71 illustrates a cross-sectional longitudinal view taken along line71′-71″ of FIG. 73 of the secondary In-Line-Generator used in pipelinefor importing seawater in the Salton Sea.

FIG. 72 illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view taken along line72′-72″ of FIG. 70 of the primary In-Line-Generator.

FIG. 73 illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view taken along line73′-73″ of FIG. 71 of the primary In-Line-Generator.

FIG. 74 illustrates a plain view of a quarter of the new design of aPower Plan 300 used in this invention and associated with therestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 75 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 75′-75″ ofFIGS. 74 and 76—one typical power unit, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 76 illustrates a schematic plain view of the power unit illustratedin FIG. 75;

FIG. 77 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional plain view of a derrickillustrated in FIGS. 75 and 76;

FIG. 78 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a derrickillustrated in FIGS. 75, 76 and 77;

FIG. 79 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 75′-75″ ofFIGS. 74 and 76—one typical power unit, using an alternative, pistonsystem, for generating electricity in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 80 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an enlarged power unitillustrated in FIG. 79 that can be used in different applications forgenerating electricity in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 81 illustrates a schematic diagram of the power unit illustrated inFIGS. 79 and 80 with piston system in position stroke one in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 82 illustrates a schematic diagram of the power unit illustrated inFIGS. 79 and 80 with piston system in position stroke two in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 83 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a activator device takenalong line 83′-83″ of FIG. 84 also illustrated in FIGS. 81 and 82 inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 84 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a Three Port Switch Valves303 taken along line 84′-84″ of FIG. 83 also illustrated in FIGS. 81 and82 in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 85 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a three port valve switchillustrated in FIGS. 81 and 82 in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 86 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of analternative pipeline route connecting Salton Sea with Gulf ofCalifornia, Mexico;

FIG. 87 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of an enlargedsection of alternative pipeline system associated with route connectingSalton Sea with Gulf of California, Mexico illustrated in FIG. 86;

FIG. 88 illustrates enlarged plain view of southern section of theSalton Sea and schematic diagram of an alternative dikes and pipelinesystems associated with restoration of the Salton Sea also illustratedin FIGS. 86 and 87;

FIG. 89 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 89-89′ ofFIG. 88, of the southern section of the Salton Sea, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea;

FIG. 90 illustrates enlarged plain view of northern section of theSalton Sea and schematic diagram of dikes and pipeline systemsassociated with route connecting Salton Sea with Gulf of California,Mexico illustrated in FIGS. 86 and 87;

FIG. 91 illustrates enlarged plain view of a resort hotel illustrated inFIG. 90;

FIG. 92 illustrates a cross-sectional plain view taken along line92′-92″ of FIG. 93 of an island with waive generating tower alsoillustrated in FIG. 90;

FIG. 93 illustrates a cross-sectional pain view of a waive generatingtower taken along line 93′-93″ of FIG. 92 also illustrated in FIG. 90;

FIG. 94 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a solar panel assembly andits attachment system to the pipeline in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 95 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of a solar panelsand its attachment system to the pipeline shown in FIG. 94 in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 96 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solar panelassembly and its lifting mechanism system in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 97 illustrates a side view of a solar panel assembly and itslifting mechanism system shown in FIG. 96 with one side panel inextended position;

FIG. 98 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of a solar panelassembly and its attachment mechanism to the pipeline shown in FIGS. 96and 97;

FIG. 99 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solar panelassembly and its attachment system to the pipeline and lifting mechanismwith all three panel sides extended in horizontal position in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 100 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solarpanel assembly and its attachment system to the pipeline and liftingmechanism taken along line 100′-100″ of FIG. 102;

FIG. 101 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solarpanels assembly and its attachment system to the pipeline and liftingmechanism taken along line 101′-101″ of FIG. 102;

FIG. 102 illustrates a longitudinal partial cross-sectional view of twoadjacent solar panel assemblies and its attachment system to thepipeline also illustrated in FIGS. 100 and 101;

FIG. 103 illustrates a side view of an alternative solar panel assemblyand its attachment system to the pipeline and its lifting mechanism;

FIG. 104 illustrates a side view of a solar panel assembly and itsattachment to the pipeline and its lifting mechanism in extendedposition in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 105 illustrates a plain view of a solar panel assembly and itsattachment system to the pipeline its lifting mechanism;

FIG. 106 illustrates a perspective view of a pipeline with solar panelassemblies attached to the pipeline in combination with and alternative“thermo optical solar system” aside;

FIG. 107 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a “thermo optical solardish” taken along line 107′-107″ of FIG. 108, also illustrated in FIG.106;

FIG. 108 illustrates a plain view of a “thermo optical solar dish”;

FIG. 109 illustrates a side view of a “thermo optical solar dish”;

FIG. 110 illustrates a schematic diagram of the flow of the workingfluid in the evaporator of “thermo optical solar dish” illustrated inFIGS. 106-109;

FIG. 111 illustrates an alternative pattern of the evaporator in the“thermo optical solar dish”;

FIG. 112 illustrates an alternative pattern of the evaporator in the“thermo optical solar dish”;

FIG. 113 illustrates cross-sectional view of the “thermo optical solarsystem” assembled on the pipeline.

FIG. 114 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of analternative proposal for pipeline route connecting the Gulf ofCalifornia with the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, with power plants forproduction of electricity, potable water and lithium, in accordance withthe invention;

FIG. 115 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of analternative proposal for production of electricity and potable water forYuma Ariz., in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 116 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of analternative proposal for production of electricity, potable water andlithium for Salt Lake City, Utah, in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 117 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a “in-line-pump” that canbe used in many different applications in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 118 illustrates a side view of an amphibian plane with floats whichincorporate an in-line-pump, illustrated in FIG. 117 in accordance withthe invention;

FIG. 119 illustrates a frontal view of one of two floats of theamphibian plane illustrated in FIG. 118;

FIG. 120 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one float of theamphibian plane taken along line 120′-120″ of FIG. 118, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 121 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one float of theamphibian plane taken along line 121′-121″ of FIG. 118, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 122 illustrates a side view of a ship using in-line pumpsillustrated in FIG. 117 for propulsion and stirring in accordance withthe invention; and

FIG. 123 illustrates a rear view of a ship illustrated in FIG. 122 usingin-line pumps for propulsion and stirring in accordance with theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, the self contain in-ground geothermal generatorcomprises a slim cylindrical shape, which, positioned vertically, can belowered with a system of cables deep into the ground in a pre-drilledwell. The self contained in-ground geothermal generator 100 of theinvention is shown in cross sectional view, with main segments. The mainelements of the assembly 100 are: the boiler 120, the turbinecompartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140, the electric generator150, the condenser/distributor 160, and system of cables and tubes 170which includes electric cable for transporting electric energy up to theground surface.

Referring now to FIG. 2, enlarged cross sectional view of the selfcontain in-ground geothermal generator 100 shown in FIG. 1, taken alongline 2-2′ of FIG. 3. The main elements of the assembly 100 are: theboiler 120, the turbine compartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140,the electric generator 150, the condenser 160 with distributor chamber61 and peripheral chamber 68 with system of tubes 62 for returningexhausted condensed steam as a feed water back into the boiler, andsystem of cables and tubes 170.

The System of cables and tubes 170 includes peripheral caring cables 74,main caring cable 75, control cable 76, boiler supply tubes 121, coolingsystem tubes 72, and main electric cable 77, for transporting electricenergy up to the ground surface.

The boiler 120 includes lower part having a water tank area 122 andupper part having a steam area 124. The assembly 100 has a hook eye 71and can be attached by hook 73 and cable 75 or with system of pulleysand cables and then lowered into pre-drilled well deep in the ground tothe level where rocks heated by magma deep below the Earth's surfaceboils the water in the water tank area 122 of the lower part of theboiler 120. The steam in the steam area 124 of the upper part of theboiler 120 is also heated by surrounding hot rocks producing superheatedsteam. High-pressured superheated steam passes through a set of steamcontrol valve 88 into a turbines compartment 130, which has a set ofblades 32 which are attached to a solid shaft 34 and spins it. The solidshaft 34 of the turbines is connected to a cylindrical shaft 52 of theelectric generator 150 through a gear box or converter 140. Steam fromthe turbine compartment is stirred through a set of openings 36 andthrough the cylindrical shaft 52 of the generator 150 into thedistributor chamber 61 of the condenser 160. Exhausted steam then startscondensing and is stirred through the set of openings 63 into aplurality of tubes 62 and back into the feed water tank 110 and thenpumped into boiler 120 through boiler feed pump 112 and boiler feed pipe114.

Here are also illustrated a structural external cylinder 90 andstructural internal cylinder 80. The peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160 is formed in space between external cylinder 90 andinternal cylinder 80. The peripheral chamber 68 has plurality of tubes62 within, as explained above. There are structural ribs 85 betweeninternal and external cylinders to improve structural integrity of theassembly in high pressure environment. The ribs 85 have holes 87 forwater circulation. (For clarity and simplicity of the illustration theribs 85 are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).

The cooling system is an independent close loop tube which has at leasttwo heat exchangers; first one down in the well and second one on theground surface. First one which absorbs heat from condenser bycirculating cool water through the peripheral chamber of the condenser,formed between external and internal cylinders, and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated closed loop pipeswhere heat is exchanged through second heat exchanger, which is a coiledpipe, and then cooled water returned to the condenser again.

The cooling system consists of a close loop thermally insulated tube 72,one heat exchanger deep underground, which is peripheral chamber 68 ofthe condenser 160 and second one the coiled pipe 182 on the groundsurface. (The coiled pipe 182 on the ground surface is shown in FIG.12).

The close loop tube 72 is attached to the peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160 through cooling water pumps 172 and 174. The cooling waterpump 172 injects cooled water through pipe 178 to the bottom of theperipheral chamber 68. Water cools condenser by circulating through theperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160. The hot water, whichnaturally rises to the upper part of the peripheral chamber 68, is theninjected through water pump 174 into other end of the tube 72 and takenup to the ground surface where heat is exchanged through coil tube 182,which is part of heat exchanger 184, and then returns cooled water toperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160. The heat on ground surfaceis then used to produce additional electricity in a “binary” power plantthrough system of several heat exchangers (Explained in FIG. 12-19).

The peripheral chamber 68, which is part of the condenser 160, isstrategically positioned so that besides cooling condenser 160, alsosurrounds, cools and prevent from overheating turbines 130, gearbox/converter 140, and electromagnetic generator 150.

The close loop tube 72 have at least one water pump 172 in line(preferably several) to provide water circulation through the thermallyinsulated tube line and to reduce hydrostatic pressure at the lower partof the close loop system. If necessary several close loop tube 72 can beinstalled on unite to speed up cooling and heat exchange process. Theratio of speed and pressure inside closed loop line are constant. P(pressure)×V (speed)=constant. More speed=less pressure.

As an alternative solution; the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 can be supplied and cooled with an additional independent coiledmetal pipe (heat exchanger) and close loop system similar to one shownin FIG. 13.

The peripheral wall of the boiler 120 can have indentations to increaseconductive surface and to increase conductivity of heat to the waterinside boiler (For simplicity not shown).

The boiler 120 is filled with water, after whole assembly of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator 100 is lowered to the bottom ofthe well, through set of tubes 121, to reduce weight of assembly duringlowering process. Illustrated are two tubes 121 attached to the unit—oneto supply water into boiler 120 and other to let air escape duringfilling process. Also important purpose of the tubes 121 is to supply,maintain and regulate necessary level of water in boiler 120.

All main elements of the assembly 100; the boiler 120, the turbinecompartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140, the electric generator150, and the condenser/distributor 160, can be assembled during loweringprocess by fusing multi sections of same kind to the desired length andcapacity. The fusing process can be bolting or welding.

There is a set of protruded holding pins 66 on each assembly segment soit can be carried with set of separate peripheral cables 74 to reducetension on main cable 75 during lowering or lifting the assembly.

The condenser 68, which is formed between structural external 90 andstructural internal 80 cylinders, which surrounds and cools whole unit,except boiler 120, is insulated from external heat of hot rocks withlayer of heat resistant insulation 92.

The boiler 120 has a safety check valve 126 to release steam, if needed,in emergency such as if control valves malfunction, etc.

The purpose of the gear box or converter 140, which is located betweenturbines 130 and the electric generator 150, is to neutralize momentumproduced by the spinning turbines 33 by changing the direction of therotor 54 of the generator 150. Thus the rotor 54 of the generator 150spins in the opposite direction than the main turbines 33. If needed,several gear boxes or converters 140 can be installed into generatorcompartment to neutralize or balance momentum produced by the spinningturbines and generators.

Referring now to FIG. 5-8, the upper end of turbines shaft 34 is solidlyconnected with disk/platform 35 which extend to the peripheral cylinder41 of the gear box 140, with which is secured and engage with system ofbearings 42 and gears wheels 43. Gear box is secured to the mainstructural cylinder 80. Disk/platform 35 has several openings 36 forsteam to leave turbines compartment. Disk/platform 35 also extendsupwardly in shape of funnel 39 for steam to be funneled into cylindricalshaft 52 of the electric generator 150. The cylindrical shaft 52 of therotor 54 also functions as a secondary turbine. It has secondary set ofsmall blades 58 attached to the inside wall and positioned so toincrease rotation of the rotor when steam passes through.

Disk/platform 35 is engage with upper disc/platform 37 through set ofgear wheels 43, which are secured with peripheral cylinder 41 of thegear box 140 with their axles/pins 44. The upper disk/platform 37 isalso engage with upper part 38 of the funnel 39 through bearing 46 andwith peripheral cylinder 41 of the gear box 140 through bearing 47 andis also solidly connected to cylindrical shaft 52 of the generator 150.Disk/platform 35 and disk/platform 37 have carved grooves 45 whichengage and correspond with gear wheels 43.

FIG. 3, is a cross sectional view of the condenser/distributor 160 alongline 3-3′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 illustrates the main structural internalcylinder 80, the external structural cylinder 90, thecondenser/distributor 61, and the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 which surrounds the condenser/distributor 61. Here are also showntubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber 68. Exhausted steam passesthrough openings 63 which lead to tubes 62 which then return condensedwater to the boiler 120. Here is also shown solid disk/platform 94 whichseparate generator 150 from condenser 160. Upper end of cylindricalshaft 52 is secured and engaged to the disk/platform 94 through bearing96.

Here is also shown pipe 178 which brings cooled water at the bottom ofthe peripheral chamber 68. Also shown here are boiler supply tubes 121for filling boiler with water after assembly is lowered down into well.Also shown here are structural ribs 85 between internal and externalcylinders to improve structural integrity of the assembly in highpressure environment. Here are also shown protruded holding pins 66 forcaring each segment of the assembly with set of peripheral cables 74 toreduce tension on main cable 75 during lowering or lifting the assembly.(Caring cables not shown).

Here is also shown electrical conduit 77 which transport electricityfrom generator 150 up to the ground surface and further to the powerlines. Also shown here is heat resistant insulation 92 which surroundswhole assembly except boiler 120.

FIG. 4, is a cross sectional view of the electric generator 150 alongline 4-4′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 also illustrate main structural internalcylinder 80, external structural cylinder 90, the peripheral chamber 68of the condenser 160 with tubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber68. Here is also illustrated cylindrical shaft 52, rotor 54 of theelectric generator 150 which is fix to the shaft 52, and stator 56 ofthe electric generator 150 which is fix to the main internal structuralcylinder 80. Here are also shown protruded holding pins 66 for caringeach segment, but offset relative to adjacent segment so that peripheralcables 74 can be spread all around periphery of the assembly. Also shownhere are structural ribs 85 with perforations 87, the electrical conduit77, boiler supply tubes 121, the pipe 178 and insulation 92.

FIG. 9 is cross sectional view of the condenser and the turbines alongline 9-9′ of FIG. 2.

FIG. 9 also illustrate main structural internal cylinder 80, externalstructural cylinder 90, the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160with tubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber 68. Also shown hereare structural ribs 85 with perforations 87.

Here are also illustrated solid turbines shaft 34 with blades 32, boilersupply tubes 121, the pipe 178, and insulation 92. Here are also shownprotruded holding pins 66 for caring each segment, but offset relativeto adjacent segment.

FIG. 10 is cross sectional view of the feed water storage tank andturbines along line 10-10′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 10 also illustrate mainstructural internal cylinder 80 and extended external structuralcylinder 90 which, at this location, forms the feed water storage tank110. Here are also shown the boiler feed pumps 112 located in the feedwater storage tank 110 which inject feed water into boiler 120. Alsoshown here are steam control valves 88 which controls flow of steam intoturbines 33. Here are also shown water pumps 116 located on thedisc/platform 82 at the bottom of the turbines compartment 130. Thepurpose of water pumps 116 is to removes excess water, if accumulated atthe bottom of turbines compartment 130, and to eject it into feed waterstorage tank 110 through pipes 117. (For clarity and simplicity thepumps 116 are not shown in FIG. 2). Also shown here are waterpumps/valves 125 and tube 121 which supply, maintain and regulatenecessary level of water in boiler 120. Here is also shown the solidshaft 34 of the turbines 33 with set of bearings 84 and 96 on which theshaft 34 sits and is secured on the disc/platform 82. Also shown is theinsulation 92.

FIG. 11 is cross sectional view of the boiler 120 along line 11-11′ ofFIG. 2. Here is illustrated peripheral wall/cylinder 128 of the boiler120. Also shown here are protruded holding pins 66 for caring eachsegment of the assembly with set of peripheral cables as explainedearlier. Here holding pins 66 are shown as extensions of the rod 65. Therod 65 has openings 118 for guiding feed pipe 114 to the lower part 122of the boiler 120.

Also here is shown safety release valve 126 and reinforcing plates 129.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator, with main segments includingheat exchanger on the ground surface. The self contained in-groundgeothermal generator (SCI-GGG) uses three closed loop systems. The firstclosed loop system circulates working fluid through boiler, turbine,generator, condenser and back through boiler. The second closed loopsystem (self contained heat exchanger) circulates fluid throughcondenser, thermally insulated pipes and coil coupled to binary powerunit on the ground surface. The self contained heat exchanger (SCHE) isintegral part of the SCI-GGG apparatus and can be used separately as anindependent heat exchanger. The third closed loop system circulatesworking fluid through binary power unit on the ground surface andproduces additional electricity. FIG. 12 illustrates the boiler 120, theturbines 130, the gear box 140, the electric generator 150, and thecondenser 160. Here is also shown peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 which function as a heat exchanger by cooling tubes 62 which arespread within. (For simplicity and clarity tubes 62 are not shown here).Here is also shown coil tube 182 which exchanges heat in a heatexchanger 184 up on the ground surface, which is part of the binarygeothermal power plant 180, which is explained in FIG. 14. Theperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160, which function as a heatexchanger down in the unite and coiled pipe 182, which exchanges heat ina heat exchanger 184 up on the ground surface are connected with closeloop flexible tubes 72 which are thermally insolated to prevent lousingheat during fluid transport between heat exchangers. Here are alsoillustrated several water pumps 172 and 174 which circulate waterthrough close loop system. An alternative in-line pump is laterexplained and illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23. Also here is shown cableconnector platform 176 which connects segments of tubes and cables. Alsohere is shown main cable 75, and insulation layer 92.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of analternative, independent, self contained heat exchange system. The selfcontained heat exchanger (SCHE) apparatus is integral part of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator (SCI-GGG) apparatus(illustrated in FIG. 12) and is used separately as an independent heatexchanger. Here in FIG. 13 is illustrated the self contained heatexchanger (SCHE) apparatus with two closed loop systems. The mainsegments of first closed loop system include; a close loop tube, firstheat exchanger 168 deep in the ground at heat source and second heatexchanger 182 up on the ground surface which is part of the secondclosed loop system which is binary power unit 184. The second closedloop system circulates working fluid through binary power unit on theground surface and produces additional electricity. The main segments ofsecond closed loop system include; a boiler, a turbine, a generator andcondenser (illustrated in FIG. 14). Here in FIG. 13 are illustrated thesame elements of the cooling system shown in FIG. 12, namely; one heatexchanger deep in the ground at heat source and one up on the groundsurface and one close loop thermally insulated tube with several in-linewater pumps which circulates water through close loop system.

In this embodiment, instead of peripheral chamber 68 which functions asa heat exchanger, a coiled pipe 188 is used which functions as a firstheat exchanger 168. The heat exchanger 168 consists of; the strait pipe189, the coiled pipe 188, the structural pipe 187 and the platform 186.The structural pipe 187 which provide strength to the unit is attachedto the platform 186. The structural pipe 187 has one opening at thebottom for strait pipe 189 to exit and one opening at top for straittube 189 to enter. The structural pipe 187, which prevent coiled pipe188 from collapsing from its weight, may have more perforations ifnecessary to reduce its weight and to provide more heat to the straitpipe 189. The spacers which keep distances between coils in coiled pipe188 and structural pipe 187 are not illustrated. Here is also shown base185 of structural pipe 187 on which whole assembly rest. Alternatively,structural pipe 187 can be adapted to perform the function of the straitpipe 189.

The coiled pipe 188 which functions as first heat exchanger 168 down inthe ground and coiled pipe 182 which functions as second heat exchanger184 up on the ground surface are connected with close loop tube 72. Hereare also illustrated several in-line water pumps 172 and 174 whichcirculate water through close loop system. The heat from hot rocks deepin the well is absorbed through first heat exchanger 168 and transportedwith thermally insulated pipe 72 up to the ground surface to the secondheat exchanger 184 where its heat is transferred into a binary powerunit which uses working fluids, such as isopentane, that boils at alower temperature than water. The heat exchanger 184 is part of thebinary geothermal power plant 180, which is explained in FIG. 14.

Also, here is shown cable connector platform 176 which connects segmentsof tubes 72 and cable 75. Connector platform 176 or a plurality ofplatforms 176 may also function as a barrier(s) or a plug(s) to reducethe amount of heat escaping from the well bore.

The heat exchange system explained here in FIG. 13. is an alternativecooling system for a self-contained in-ground geothermal generator canalso function as an alternative, independent, heat exchange system,which would be substantial improvement to experimental process so called“hot dry rock technology”.

The simplest “hot dry rock technology” power plant comprises oneinjection well and two production wells. Scientist are trying to drilldown injection well into the rocks and then inject down into well, underpressure, whatever water source they have happen to have on the surfacehoping that water will travel through cracks and fissures of the hotrocks and form underground reservoir, and then they intend to drillproduction wells around perimeter and try to recover that water andsteam by pumping it back to surface and then use it in a conventional orin a “binary” power plant.

Binary plants use lower-temperature, but much more common, hot waterresources (100° F.—300° F.). The hot water is passed through a heatexchanger in conjunction with a secondary (hence, “binary plant”) fluidwith a lower boiling point (usually a hydrocarbon such as isobutane orisopentane). The secondary fluid vaporizes, which turns the turbines,which drive the generators. The remaining secondary fluid is simplyrecycled through the heat exchanger. The geothermal fluid is condensedand returned to the reservoir.

It remains to be seen if presently experimental “hot dry rocktechnology” can function as expected and answer special challenges:

-   -   1. It requires a huge amount of water to form, deep down, man        made, hydrothermal reservoir in a place where water has not been        naturally accumulated.    -   2. Would a huge amount of water be lost, absorbed into rocks in        different directions?    -   3. How much of water, if any, could reach production well        through cracks and fissures in the hot rocks?    -   4. How mach water, if any can be recovered and pumped back on        ground surface to be used in a conventional or in a “binary”        power plant?    -   5. Also, during pumping up water to the surface through        production well water will pass through layers of gradually less        hot rocks and eventually through cold rocks close to the        surface—how much of the heat will be lost and how much of water        will be lost—absorbed into rocks during trip up?    -   6. There is strong indications that experimental Enhanced        Geothermal System (EGS) can induce seismicity because injected        water can find underground pockets (caves) and with high        pressure and temperature can induce explosion.

The heat exchange system explained here in FIG. 13 is a simple systemwhich uses the same amount of water all the time because it is literallyclose loop system, not just binary part on the ground surface but alsopart down in the ground. It doesn't deal with removing silica andminerals in a separator from the geothermal fluid.

It doesn't lose water into cracks and fissures of the hot rocks becausewater circulates through coiled pipe and houses. The lost of heat on thetrip up is limited because pipes are thermally insolated. It doesn'trequire several wells to function (injection well and several productionwells) it rather uses single well for each unit. The heat exchangesystem explained herein in FIG. 13 as well the apparatus explained inFIG. 12 can operate, not just in dry hot rocks areas but also, in areaswith hydrothermal reservoirs and many other applications includingcooling dysfunctional nuclear reactors or in reverse process warmingsurroundings if needed.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the binarygeothermal power plant 180. Here are illustrated; the heat exchanger184, the turbines 230, the condenser 260 and electric generator 250. Hotwater from deep underground passes through close loop flexible tube 72into coil 182 inside heat exchanger 184 where its heat is transferredinto a second (binary) liquid, such as isopentane, that boils at a lowertemperature than water. When heated, the binary liquid flashes to vapor,which, like steam, expands across, passes through steam pipe 222 andcontrol valve 288 and then spins the turbine 230. Exhausted vapor isthen condensed to a liquid in the condenser 260 and then is pumped backinto boiler 220 through feed pipe 214 and boiler feed pump 212. In thisclosed loop cycle, vapor is reused repeatedly and there are no emissionsto the air. The shaft of the turbines 230 is connected with shaft of theelectric generator 250 which spins and produces electricity, which isthen transported through electric cable 277 to transformer and grid lineto the users. (Transformer and grid line are not illustrated). Thebinary power unit 180 can be produced as portable unit on wheels (onchase of truck 18 wheeler). The condenser 260 is elongated to reduceback pressure which exists after steam passes through turbinecompartment 230. The length of the condenser 260 can be increased ifneeded.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of a geothermalpower plant 190 (not a binary power plant), as an alternative solutionfor cases where water coming from tube 72 is hot enough to producesteam. (It may be applicable in an alternative, independent, heatexchange system shown in FIG. 13). Here are illustrated; the boiler 220,the turbines 230, the condenser 260 and electric generator 250. Hotwater from deep underground passes through close loop tube 72 intoboiler 220 where evaporates. The steam then passes through steam pipe222 and control valve 288 and then spins the turbine 230. Exhaustedvapor is then condensed to a liquid in the condenser 260, which can beair or water cooled, and then is pumped back into close loop tube 72which leads into well as explain earlier. Here is also shown feed pipe214 and water pump 212 which are part of close loop system. Here is alsoshown shaft of the turbines 230 which is connected with shaft of theelectric generator 250 which spins and produces electricity. Electricityis then transported through electric cable 277 to transformer and gridline to the users. (Transformer and grid line are not illustrated).

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate plain view of the geothermal power plant 300with 24 wells and control center 200 in accordance with the invention.For clarity and simplicity, here is shown schematic diagram only of onequarter of the plant, 6 wells 19-24, and three binary power units 132,142 and 152. The other three quarters of the power plant are identical.

As explained earlier the cooling system of the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100, is a close loop tube system which coolscondenser by circulating water through the peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160, formed between external and internal cylinders 90 and 80,and then transfers the heat up on ground surface. The heat on the groundsurface is then used to produce additional electricity in a “binary”power plant through system of several heat exchangers and then returnedas cooled water to the relevant peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160.

Here are illustrated three “binary” power units 132, 142 and 152 whichare connected with six self contained in-ground geothermal generatorsinside wells 19-24.

Each of those three binary power units 132, 142 and 152 consist of: theboilers 133, 143 and 153, the turbines 134, 144 and 154 and the electricgenerators 135, 145 and 155.

The boiler 133 of the binary production unit 132 has six heat exchangecoils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 and 324, which are connected to thecondensers 160 of the relevant self contained in-ground geothermalgenerators, inside wells 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 with one end of thetube of close loop system.

Before other end of the tube of close loop system reaches the condensers160 of the relevant self contained in-ground geothermal generatorsinside wells 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 and complete close loop cycle, italso passes through boilers 143 and 153 of the binary production units142 and 152. The purpose of it is to exchange heat and use it on theground surface in the binary production units as much as possible and tosend back cooled water to the condensers 160. For clarity andsimplicity, any radiant tubing is not shown and directions of the flowthrough line are marked with arrow sign.

The boiler 143 of the binary production unit 142 has also six heatexchange coils 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 and 424.

The boiler 153 of the binary production unit 152 has also six heatexchange coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523 and 524.

The boiler 133 of the binary production unit 132 produces the hotteststeam because it is the first station where heat is exchanged throughcoils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 and 324.

The boiler 143 of the binary production unit 142 is the second stationwhere heat is exchanged through coils 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 and 424,and steam temperature is lesser than in boiler 133.

The boiler 153 of the binary production unit 152 is the third stationwhere heat is exchanged through coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523 and 524,and steam temperature is lesser than in boiler 143.

The binary power units 132, 142 and 152 are designed to operate atdifferent steam temperature and presser.

As an alternative solution; the steam from boilers 133, 143 and 153,which deal with different temperature and pressure, can be funneled to asingle binary power unit with single turbine and generator.

As an alternative solution; after leaving coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523and 524 of the binary production unit 152, if water is still hot, thetube 72 can be cooled with running water, if available, or can be usedfor heating building.

FIG. 17 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant 300 shown in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is enlarged plain view of the boiler 133 of the binaryproduction unit 132 illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17. Here are shown heatexchange coils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 and main steam pipe 222.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the boiler 133 of thebinary production unit 132 taken along line 19-19′ of FIG. 18. Here arealso shown heat exchange coils 322, 323, and 324 from which its heat istransferred into a second (binary) liquid, such as isopentane, thatboils at a lower temperature than water. When heated, the binary liquidflashes to vapor, which, like steam, expands across, passes throughsteam pipe 222. (The process is explained in binary power plant earlierin FIG. 14). Here is also shown feed pipe 214 through which exhaustedvapor are returned into boiler 133 for reheating.

FIG. 20 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower 240for assembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100. Here are shown structural frame 249 of thetower 240. Also shown here are well 19, lining of the well 247,foundation platform 248, and system of ratchets 242 and 246 for maincable 75 and peripheral cables 74. (Cables are not shown).

FIG. 21 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower 241for assembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100, with wind mill 245 installed on it, as anadditional source of energy if geothermal power plant is located inwindy area. The tower 241 is similar as tower 240 illustrated in FIG. 20with addition of extension element 235. Here are also shown structuralframe 249, well 19, lining of the well 247, foundation platform 248, andsystem of ratchets 242 and 246 for main cable 75 and peripheral cables74. (Cables are not shown). Also illustrated here are conventionalgenerator with gear box 244 and blades 243. The objective of thisaddition is to use assembling tower also as a platform for wind mill. Itwill be understood that the tower 241 may be permanent or temporary.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show an in-line pump 172 which is part of the heatexchange systems of the apparatuses illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. Thein-line pump 172 also illustrated (numbered) as 174 is a replaceablesegment in closed loop line 72 of the heat exchange system of theapparatuses illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. In-line pump 172 is anelectric motor 91 consisting of a rotor 102 and a stator 104. The rotor102 consists of a hollow shaft 50 which is fixedly surrounded with anelectromagnetic coil 93. The stator 104 consists of a cylinder 105 whichis housing of the motor 91 and is fixedly engaged with electromagneticcoil 95. Stator 104 and rotor 102 are engaged through two sets of ballbearings 97 and additional set of sealant bearings 98. The cylinder 105of the motor 91 has diameter reduction on each end and is coupled withthe connector platform 176 which connects segments of the closed loopline 72. The hollow shaft 50 has continuous spiral blades 51 formed onthe inner side of the hollow shaft 50. When electro motor 91 isactivated the hollow shaft 50 which is central element of the rotor 102rotates with the continuous spiral blades 51 which is coupled within thehollow central shaft 50 of the rotor 102 creating a force to move fluidthrough the closed loop line 72. The spiral blade(s) 51 can also befixed within the hollow central shaft 50. The shape of the inline pump172 is cylindrical and slim, thus suitable to fit in limited spaces suchas well bore. The slim cylindrical shape of the inline pump 172 has nolimitation on length therefore power of the electromotor can beincreased to provided substantial pumping force as needed for fluid tocirculate at certain speed.

The in-line pump 172 can be used in many applications whereversubstantial pumping force is needed. For example with minor additions(not shown) like forming extra space by adding an additional peripheralcylinder filled with oil to provide buoyancy to this in-line pump 172can be used in deep water drilling as a segment of raiser pipe. Further,the closed loop line 72 may be, but is not limited to, a closed loopsystem line. Alternatively, the in-line pump 172 can be used for pumpingup fluid from a reservoir in which underground pressure is low(geo-pressure). For example the in-line pump 172 can be used for pumpingup oil from oil wells (reservoirs) in which underground pressure(geo-pressure) is low, or any other type of fluid from a reservoir, suchas, but not limited to, water or natural gas. The in-line pump 172 canbe inserted as a repetitive segment of the raiser pipe through which oilis pumped up to the ground surface. The in-line pump can be programmedor equipped with sensors so the pump can be activated when submerged orfilled with fluid. The hollow shaft 50 with continuous spiral blades 51formed on the inner side of the hollow shaft can be produced by aligningand welding pre-machined two halves. Alternatively, the shaft can beproduced by aligning and welding prefabricated several segments ofspiral blade with section of the wall of the hollow shaft (cylinder).Alternatively, the hollow shaft with continuous spiral blades can beproduced by 3D printing technology.

The in-line pump 172 is an electromotor cylindrical shape and can beinserted as a repetitive segment in line and has no limitation on lengththerefore the power of the electromotor can be increased to impartneeded pumping force for fluid to circulate at desired speed. Forexample the in-line pump 172 can be used in cross country pipe line foroil, gas, water, etc. as a repetitive segment. In downhill route it canfunction as a generator and produce electricity which can be used topower electromotor In-Line Pump in horizontal and uphill route. At theexit end of the in-line pump 172 can be attached a flapper or ball checkvalve as short segment to prevent fluid surging backward at vertical anduphill routes when pump stop pumping.

FIG. 24 illustrate an alternative schematic cross sectional diagram ofan universal heat exchange system 210 shown in FIG. 13, with mainsegments including a thermally insulated close loop line 72 with anin-line pump 172, first heat exchanger 168 positioned in heat sourceenvironment “A” and the second heat exchanger 182 positioned inpreferred environment “B”. By circulating heat exchanging fluid throughclosed loop system heat is extracted from heat source through the firstheat exchanger 168 and transferred through thermally insulated line 72to the second heat exchanger 182 for external use including productionof electricity. The heat exchange system 210 is portable and can be usedin many applications. This illustration is only a schematic diagram ofthe heat exchange system so details such as fluid expansion reservoirand safety valves are not illustrated. The universal heat exchangesystem 210 can be used in any situation where source of heat isdifficult to access or is not suitable for relatively heavy equipment ofa power plant or power unit. It is easy to assembly and disassembly. Theuniversal heat exchange system 210 will be shown in several applicationsin several following illustrations.

The heat exchange system explained here in and FIG. 24 and FIG. 13 is asimple system that can be used for cooling nuclear power plants insteadusing and circulating water from nearby ponds.

FIG. 25 illustrates a schematic plain view diagram of the heat exchangesystem 210 shown in FIG. 24 to be used in dysfunctional nuclear powercomplex, such as, but not limited to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear PowerComplex, to improve issues with heat transfer and Ocean contamination.It has been reported these days that dysfunctional nuclear reactor iscooled by pouring salty water from the Ocean over it and then collectingthat contaminated radioactive water into reservoirs and repeating theprocess. Leakage of radioactive water has been detected on the groundand in the Ocean. Here in FIG. 25 is illustrated dysfunctional nuclearreactor 163, Ocean 165 and closed loop heat exchanger system 210. Thefirst heat exchanger 168 is lowered into dysfunctional nuclear reactor163 and the second heat exchanger 182 is lowered into nearby Ocean 165.By circulating heat exchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heatis extracted from dysfunctional nuclear reactor 163 and transferredthrough the first heat exchanger 168 and through thermally insulatedline 72, which is formed from repetitive segments, to the second heatexchanger 182 and dispersed safely into the Ocean 165. Multiple units ofthe closed loop system 210 can be deployed with additional insulationsif needed. Heat exchange fluid in closed loop system 210 is not indirect contact with radioactive material in dysfunctional nuclearreactor 163 or the Ocean 165. Although here in FIG. 25 is shown methodhow to extract heat from dysfunctional reactor(s) and disperse it safelyinto the Ocean, as a first task to improve desperate emergencysituation, if needed, additional elements such as mobile power units canbe implemented nearby to produce needed electricity in the process asshown in FIG. 26 and others illustrations of this invention. Here inFIG. 25 is shown portable closed loop heat exchanger system 210 used forcooling dysfunctional nuclear reactor at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear PowerComplex. This closed loop heat exchanger system 210 can be also used forcooling reactors in conventional nuclear power plants rather than usingopen ponds, pools, lakes, etc. The current broken loop system used inNuclear power plants in the U.S. and worldwide is not suitable with allthe risk and the hazardous waste they produce.

FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system 210shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production of electricity in locationwhere lava is accessible, such as, but not limited to Hawaii. The Stateof Hawaii is spending about $1 billion dollars per year for purchasingoil for production of electricity. The big island Hawaii has slow movinglava dropping into Ocean usually through established lava (tube) flow.Heat from lava, which at this time is dispersing in air, can beeffectively harnessed for production of electricity.

Proposed Solution Consists of:

-   -   1. Selecting location with established lava (tube) flow.    -   2. Erecting two towers on either side of a lava flow (tube) flow        with cable suspended between them.    -   3. Lowering first heat exchanger at safe distance close to lava        flow and the second heat exchanger coupled into        boiler/evaporator of the Binary Power Unit nearby at safe        distance.    -   4. First and second heat exchangers are connected with thermally        insulated closed loop system with in-line pump circulating heat        exchange fluid through it.    -   5. Power unit consist of a boiler; a turbine; a generator; and a        condenser. Binary power unit can be mobile (on wheels—for        example 3 trucks) at safe distance nearby. If lava changes its        flow movable (on wheels) binary power unit can be relocated out        of zone on time. In such case lost could be first heat exchanger        and/or towers which are replaceable and not very expensive        structure.    -   6. Cooling system for the condenser consist of additional closed        loop system with one heat exchanger submerged into Ocean.        Many such modular power units can be installed in suitable        locations.        Our system is perfectly suited for Hawaiians alike situations        where volcanoes behavior is not explosive nature but rather        seeping relatively slow moving basalt lava. Our system doesn't        require geothermal drilling, controversial fracking,        hydrothermal reservoirs, permeability of the rocks, and        substantial amount of water which is the case with conventional        geothermal systems. Our system doesn't pollute environment or        interfere with lava flow. It only absorbs heat from above lava        which is dissipating in air anyway.

Here in FIG. 26 are illustrated two posts/towers 192 and 194 erected oneither side of a lava flow/tube 196 with cable 193 suspended betweenthem. The first heat exchanger 168 is lowered at safe distance closed tolava flow 196 and the second heat exchanger 182 is coupled intoboiler/evaporator 220 of the binary power unit 180 which is explained inFIGS. 14 and 15. Here are also illustrated turbines 230, generator 250and condenser 260. Here is also illustrated cooling system for thecondenser 260 consisting of additional closed loop system 270 whichconsist of several interconnected back pressure reducing cylinders 262,with coiled heat exchangers 268 inside, thermally insulating lines 272and heat exchanger 282 submerged into Ocean 165. There is also anin-line pump 172 to circulate heat exchanging fluid through closed loopsystem 270. The condenser 260 is elongated with back pressure reducingcylinders 262 to reduce back pressure which exists after steam passesthrough turbine compartment 230. By implementing this methodology, forexample, the State Hawaii could save around one billion dollars whichthey are spending yearly for purchase of oil for production ofelectricity. This portable system can be used in many locations withminor adjustments. For example, on Erta Ale volcano, supporting towers192 and 194 can be erected on top of sides of crater with cable 193suspended between towers. The first heat exchanger 168 can be loweredclose to lava lake which is visible several hundred feet below top ofcrater. Mobile binary power unit 180 can be assembled at safe distancenearby.

FIG. 27 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of the heatexchange system 210 shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production ofelectricity from heat source such as oil well flare stacks. A gas flare,alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used inindustrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, andnatural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production siteshaving oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.Whenever industrial plant equipment items are over-pressured, thepressure relief valve provided as essential safety device on theequipment automatically release gases which are ignited and burned. Herein FIG. 27 are illustrated oil well flare stack 137, support structure138, the heat exchange system 210 with first heat exchanger 168positioned on top of supporting structure 138 and second heat exchanger182 coupled into boiler/evaporator 220 of the binary power unit 180. Bycirculating heat exchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heatfrom flame 139 is extracted through the first heat exchanger 168 andtransferred through thermally insulated line 72 to the second heatexchanger 182 which heats working fluid or water, depending on size andtemperature, in the boiler/evaporator 220 of the binary power unit 180.Here are also illustrated main elements of the binary power unit 180,turbines 230, generator 250 and condenser 260. In this illustration thecondenser 260 is cooled with additional closed loop system 270consisting of the first heat exchanger 268, closed loop line 272 and thesecond heat exchanger 282 which can be submerged into nearby source ofcold water 166 such as pool, lake, river, etc. Alternatively, anadjustable perforated shield can be installed on top of flare stackcovering one side of the first heat exchanger 168 and rotating, asneeded, to prevent flame to be blown away from heat exchanger by wind.Contemporary believes that harnessing flare on top of stack is notfeasible because it is difficult to envision a power plant on top of aflare stack. That contemporary believe is debunked by this invention bytransferring heat from flame on top of flare stack 137 trough heatexchange system 210 to the power unit 180 on the ground. For clarity andsimplicity, here in FIG. 37 is illustrated first heat exchanger 168positioned on top of supporting structure 138. Alternatively the firstheat exchanger 168 can be installed inside any chimney through whichpasses hot air, smoke, or steam and used that secondary heat sourcebefore it dissipate into atmosphere. The universal heat exchange system210 can be used in any situation where source of heat is difficult toaccess or is not suitable for relatively heavy equipment of a powerplant or power unit. By implementing this methodology worldwide inindustrial plants a lot of electricity can be produced from sourcesconsidered at this time as a waste.

FIG. 28 illustrates a schematic cross sectional diagram of analternative heat exchange system to one shown and explained in FIG. 27.The assembly illustrated in FIG. 28 is essentially the same as assemblyillustrated in FIG. 27; only difference is that instead of boiler 220 inFIG. 27 there is heat exchanger unit 221 which contains two heatexchangers 182 and 183. The heat exchanger unit 221 is filled with heatexchange medium fluid. There is also relief valve 224 and valve 225 forcontrolling the heat exchange medium fluid.

FIG. 29 illustrates a plain view of the geothermal facility using theheat exchange system 210 shown in FIG. 24 for production of electricityand desalinization of water from a salty body of water. By way ofexample only, a salty body of water may include the Salton Sea inCalifornia. The following example using the Salton Sea as the salty bodyof water is for illustration purposes and it is understood that thisinvention is not limited to only functioning with regard to the SaltonSea, but rather the same principles are applicable to any salty body ofwater with similar conditions. The Salton Sea is California's largestlake and is presently 25 percent saltier than the ocean. The Salton Seais a “terminal lake,” meaning that it has no outlets. Water flows intoit from several limited sources but the only way water leaves the sea isby evaporation. The Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF) is a highsalinity and high-temperature resource. The earth crust at south end ofthe Salton Sea is relatively thin. Temperatures in the Salton SeaGeothermal Field can reach 680 degrees less than a mile below thesurface. There are already several conventional geothermal power plantsin the area. The lake is shrinking exposing lake bed and salinity levelis increasing which is pending environmental disaster and a seriousthreat to multi-billion-dollar tourism.

In this application the heat exchange system 210 extracts heat fromgeothermal sources; transfers that heat up to the ground surface;produces electricity for commercial use; and at same time, desalinizesalty water and returns produced freshwater into Salton Sea; and inprocess produces salt which has commercial value.

Here is illustrated the heat exchange system 210 with first heatexchanger 168 lowered into well-bore 30 at source of heat (see FIG. 30),thermally insulated line 72, and second heat exchanger 182 coupled intoboiler/evaporator 217 of the power unit 280. By circulating heatexchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heat from hot rocks orhydrothermal reservoir is extracted through the first heat exchanger 168and transferred through thermally insulated line 72 to the second heatexchanger 182 which is coupled into boiler/evaporator/distiller 217 ofthe power unit 280. Salty water from Salton Sea is injected intoboiler/evaporator 217 through pipe line 264 and valve 267 to the level“H” (see FIGS. 30 and 31). The second heat exchanger 182 which iscoupled into boiler/evaporator 217 heats salty water and steam isproduced which turns turbine 230 which is connected to and spinsgenerator 250 which produces electricity which is then transmittedthough electric grid. The power unit 280 has the condenser 260 which iscooled with additional closed loop system 270 consisting of the firstheat exchanger 268, closed loop line 272 and the second heat exchanger282 which is submerged into Salton Sea for cooling or if necessarynearby pool build for that purpose. Condensed steam from condenser 260exits power plant 280 through pipe 256 to join pipe line 266 returningfresh water into Salton Sea. Alternatively, fresh water can be collectedinto big thanks (not illustrated) for use when needed in nearbyagricultural fields. The pipe line 272 exiting condenser 260 enters heatexchanger containers 254 which are positioned underneath removable pans252 located in nearby desalinization processing building 290 (see FIG.31) which is closed and incites a green house effect.

Alternatively, if situation regarding desalinization of the Salton Seachanges, the boiler/evaporator 217 and cooling system of the condenser260 of the power unit 280 can be modified to function solely as binarypower unit to produce only electricity.

The pipe line 72 after exiting boiler/evaporator 217 branches into pipeline 78 which also enters the heat exchanger containers 254 which arepositioned underneath removable pans 252 located in nearbydesalinization processing building 290 (see FIG. 31).

When salty water in boiler 217 reaches level “L” the salinity level ishigh and is released through valve 269 and pipe line 265 into collectorpools 263 at nearby desalinization processing building 290 in which saltand clean water is produced.

Salty water from collector pools 263 is distributed into removable pans252 which sit on the heat exchanger containers 254 which are filled withheat exchange fluid and accommodates three pipe lines, 78, 272 and 108which heats heat exchange fluid in containers 254 and indirectly heatssalty water in pans 252. Salty water evaporates from heated pans 252 andcondenses around condensers panels 289 which are positioned under roofstructure 292 of the desalinization processing building 290. The pipeline 278 after branching from pipe line 272 enters roof section 292 ofthe desalinization processing building 290 and function as a condenser.Condensed fresh water 293 drops, as a rain, into channels 294 from whichis then collected into containers 271 and returned into depleting SaltonSea through pipe line 266 and in process improve salinity balance of thelake (see FIGS. 31 and 32). Alternatively, condensed fresh water 293 canbe bottled for drinking or used in nearby farmland. After heated waterevaporates from pans 252 layer of salt will form on the bottom of thepans 252. The pans 252 with salt in it can be raised with cable andratchets or hydraulic system so that one end of the pans 252 is higherthan other (illustrated with dash line in FIG. 31) and then slightlyjerked and unloaded salt on vehicle or platform for transport. Theprofile of the removable pan 252 on lower end is slightly larger forsmoother unload and can have closing and opening mechanism (not shown atthis illustration). Here is also illustrated a well 30 with Blow OutPreventer 31 and derrick 240 above it.

Here are also illustrated two sections of the desalinization processingbuilding 290. The building can have many such sections to allowcontinues process of loading and unloading in harmony.

FIG. 30 is a cross sectional view taken along line 30-30′ of FIG. 29.Beside already explained elements and its functions in FIG. 29 here arebetter illustrated well-bore 30 with casing 247 and the first heatexchanger 168 in it, and rest of elements of the power plant 280. Hereis also illustrated, as an alternative option, at the bottom of thewell-bore 30, an in-line pump 172 which can be attached, if needed, tothe first heat exchanger 168 to circulate geothermal fluids upward andaround first heat exchanger 168 for more efficient heat exchange. Hereis illustrated an in-line pump 172 having two fluid stirring elements173 on each end. The fluid stirring elements 173 are simple structuralpipe sections with openings on side wall preferably in an angel (notillustrated). The purpose of the fluid stirring elements 173 on thelower end of the in-line pump 172 is to direct surrounding geothermalfluid into in-line pump 172 and purpose of the fluid stirring elements173 on the upper end of the in-line pump 172 is to direct geothermalfluid from the in-line pump up and around first heat exchanger 168. Hereis also illustrated base of structural pipe 185.

FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view taken along line 31-31′ of FIG. 29. Inthis illustration are shown removable pans 252 which sits on the heatexchanger containers 254 which are filled with heat exchange fluid andaccommodates three pipe lines, 78, 272 and 108 which heats heat exchangefluid in containers 254 and indirectly heats salty water in pans 252.Here is also shown thermal insulator and supporting structure 255 undercontainers 254.

In this illustration, there are also shown roof structures 292 of theclosed desalinization processing building 290 with pipe lines 278 whichsupply cold water to the condenser panels 279. Condenser panels areillustrated in two alternative positions on left and right side of thebuilding 290. Here are also shown collecting pans 284 positionedunderneath condenser panels 279 (illustrated in FIG. 32). Here are alsoillustrated plastic curtains 276 with vertical tubes 296, which collectand funnel condensed droplets 293 into provided channels 294. Theplastic curtains 276 are preferably inflatable to provide thermalinsulation between warm lower section and cold upper section of thebuilding 290. If necessary upper section can be additionally cooled withair-condition system. Here is also shown raised removable pans 252 (indash line). Here are also shown thermo-solar panel 106 on the roof ofthe desalinization processing building 290 and corresponding heatexchange line 108 inside the heat exchanger containers 254 which isillustrated and explained in FIG. 32.

FIG. 32 illustrates a perspective cross sectional diagram of analternative thermo-solar heat exchange system 70 to be used indesalinization plant shown in FIGS. 29-31. Here is illustrated, anoptional solution, thermo-solar panel 106 positioned on the roof of thedesalinization processing building 290 to be used for heating heatexchange fluid in the containers 254 and indirectly heating salty waterin pans 252 to induce evaporation. Here is also illustrated a plate 283at the bottom of condenser 279 which function as a frame for thecondenser 279 and also as an electrode positively (+) charged. Thecondenser 279 is coated with super hydrophobic material to inducerelease of tiny water droplets from condenser and subsequently toimprove condensation process. Here is also illustrated a pan 284positioned underneath condenser 279. The pan 284 has “Y” shape profileand collects condensed droplets 293 from the condenser 279 and deliversfresh water 295 into containers 271 (shown in FIG. 29). The fresh water295 is then bottled as it has commercial value or optionally pumped intothe Salton Sea to reduce its salinity. The pan 284 is negatively chargedto improve condensation process.

Recent study done by MIT researchers have discovered that tiny waterdroplets that form on a super-hydrophobic surface and then “jump” awayfrom that surface, carry positive (+) electric charge. By addingnegative (−) charges to nearby surface can prevent returning of the tinywater droplets back to the condenser surface and improve condensationprocess.

Alternatively, if needed, thermo-solar panel 106 positioned on the roofof the desalinization processing building 290 used for heating heatexchange fluid in the containers 254 and indirectly heating salty waterin pans 252 to induce evaporation, could function independently withoutgeothermal support to induce evaporation in the desalinizationprocessing building 290.

The thermo-solar heat exchange system 70 consisting of thermo-solarpanel 106; heat exchanger 107; and closed loop pipeline 108 can becoupled to power unit 490 (see FIG. 80) for generation of electricity.

The condenser 279 on the upper portion of the processing building 290can be cooled by cold water from nearby canal using pipelines 312 and314 as explained in FIGS. 38, 44-46 for cooling condensers 360.

Also, high salinity water “brine” from boiler 280 can be used inprocessing building 290 for extraction of lithium, other alkaline metalsand minerals. The SRI International company is tasked with two-yearmission by the Energy Department's Geothermal TechnologiesOffice—focusing on advances in lithium recovery from geothermal brinesusing ion-imprinted polymers. The presented system provide inexpensiveand renewable source of the saturated brine for whatever process forextraction of lithium and other alkaline metals and minerals is going tobe used.

FIGS. 33-36 illustrate a cross sectional views of the load carryingsystem 60 and the cable and tube connector assembly 175 also illustratedin FIG. 13. By lowering the SCI-GGG and/or SCI-GHE apparatus by addingrepetitive segments of tubes and cables, the length of the apparatusincreases and subsequently its weight. Therefore load carrying structuresuch as cables or pipe, in these illustrations cables, is designed sothat additional cables can be added to accommodate increased weight whenadditional segments of the apparatus are added. The length of segmentsof the apparatus depends of the size of derrick.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the loadcarrying cable system 60. The load carrying system 60 consist of derrickwith pulley system on the surface (not shown in this illustration),repetitive cable segments 75 which are connected through the cable andtube connector platforms 176. Here are also illustrated transferringcables 83 which are inserted as periodic segments when load from onecable needs to be transferred on two cables of the subsequent segment.The transferring cables 83 consist of a sling cable 89, an oblong masterlink 99, which connects two legs 81 ending with standard latched slinghooks 55 (not shown in this illustration). This load carrying system 60provides overall weight reduction and efficient load distribution of theapparatus and subsequently extends the operating depth of the apparatusand increases load capacity of the derrick.

FIG. 34 illustrate a cross sectional views of the cable and tubeconnector assembly 175 taken along line 34-34′ of FIG. 35. The cable andtube connector assembly 175 consist of the cable and tube connectorplatform 176, on which are permanently fastened two hose and socketassembly 177 (illustrated on FIG. 35) and multiple steel cable loopassembles 179. The hose and socket assembly 177 is device permanentlyfastened on connector platform 176 to accommodate respective connectingelement permanently fastened on each end of repetitive segments of thethermally insulated flexible tubes 72 of closed loop system of theapparatus. The tube and socket assembly 177 can operate as pull-backsleeve (quick connect and disconnect system) and can be additionallysecured with safety pin to prevent accidental disconnect. The steelcable loop assembly 179 consists of two sets of eyelets 202 withthimbles formed at each end of the fastening block 171. The two sets ofeyelets 202 of the fastening block 171 protrude on upper and lowerportion of the connector platform 176. Each leg of each segment of themain steel cable 75 has standard latched sling hooks 55 (not shown inthis illustration) on each end and is hooked to the eyelets 202 of thecable and tube connector platform 176. All parts including steel cable75 can be thermally insulated and coated with anti-corrosion material.

This design of cable and tube connector assembly 175 providesflexibility for repetitive segments of tubes and cables to be added asneeded, preferably in pairs for balance and proper distribution of load.This load carrying system 60 provides efficient weight distribution andincreases load capacity as length and weight of the apparatus increases.

FIG. 35 is a cross sectional view taken along line 35-35′ of FIG. 34.Here are illustrated all elements described in FIG. 34 including thecable and tube connector platform 176, thermally insulated tubes 72 ofclosed loop system of the apparatus, steel cable loop assembly 179 withfastening blocks 171 and two set of eyelets 202 protruding on upper andlower portion of the connector platform 176. Also, here is illustrated apair of latched sling hooks 55 which are permanent ending parts on eachsegment of the main steel cable 75. Here are also illustrated fasteners57 used also for support of the structure during assembly anddisassembly process of the segments.

FIG. 36 is a cross sectional view taken along line 36-36′ of FIG. 34,with all elements already explained in FIGS. 33 and 35. Thisillustration of the cable and tube connector assembly 175 with diameterabout 15 inches contains 8 steel cable loop assembly 179 whichaccommodate 16 steel cables 75 with diameter about 1 inch. Largerdiameter of the connector assembly 175 for larger wellbores can containand rearrange more steel cable loop assembly 179 which would increaseload potential and subsequently length of the apparatus.

FIGS. 37-113 illustrate and explain a solution for restoration of theSalton Sea using SCI-GGG and/or SCI-GHE system. As mentioned earlier theSalton Sea is California's largest lake and is presently 25 percentsaltier than the ocean. The Salton Sea is a “terminal lake,” meaningthat it has no outlets. Water flows into it from several limited sourcesbut the only way water leaves the sea is by evaporation. The Salton SeaGeothermal Field (SSGF) is a high salinity and high-temperatureresource. The earth crust at south end of the Salton Sea is relativelythin. Temperatures in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field can reach 680 Fdegrees less than a mile below the surface. There are already severalconventional geothermal power plants in the area. The lake is shrinkingexposing lake bed and salinity level is increasing which is pendingenvironmental disaster and a serious threat to multi-billion-dollartourism. FIGS. 37-49 illustrate and explain one of several concepts forrestoration of the Salton Sea in accordance with surrounding conditions.This concept is not limited to the Salton Sea in California, andtherefore can be used in similar locations with prevalent geothermalsources, proximity to the Ocean and/or fresh water.

FIGS. 37-49 illustrate and explain a solution for restoration of theSalton Sea in accordance with surrounding conditions. This concept isnot limited to, the Salton Sea in California, therefore can be used inlocations with similar conditions with prevalent geothermal sources,proximity to the Ocean and/or fresh water.

FIG. 37 is a plain view of a large salty body of water and schematicdiagram of pipeline systems associated with proposal for restoration ofthe Salton Sea. Here is illustrated: a plain view of a large salty bodyof water 156 with dikes 157 and 158 on northern and southern part of thelake 156. Here are also shown array of Power Plants 300 on severalsectors. Also shown here is diagram of pipeline system for exchangingwaters from the lake and the ocean using outflow line 330 and inflowline 350. Here is also are shown feeding pipelines 264 for injectingwater from the Salton Sea (lake) 156 into geothermal power plants 300for production of electricity. Also, here are shown pipelines 265 fortransport of high salinity water from power plants 300. Here are alsoshown freshwater lines 256. The Power plants 300 using Self ContainedIn-Ground Heat Exchanger (SCI-GHE) system is modified to use salty waterfrom the lake 156 to produce electricity and fresh water and is explainin more details in FIGS. 41-49.

Two dikes 157 and 158 are positioned on northern and southern side ofthe lake 156 to form reservoirs 204 and 206 for separating andcollecting runoffs waters contaminated with fertilizers and pesticidesfrom nearby farmland and to prevent further pollution of the lake.Reservoirs 204 and 206 are divided with internal dikes 197 and 198 intosmaller sections designed for treatment and purification of pollutedrunoff water.

Polluted water is temporally contained, and if necessary treated, inreservoirs 204 and 206 before pumped back and reused at nearby farmlandtrough pipeline 337 and/or 339 (FIG. 38). Two reservoirs 204 and 206 areconnected with additional pipeline branches 333 and 334 to the “outflow”pipeline 330. Alternatively, water from reservoirs 204 and 206 can bepumped into “outflow” pipeline 330 and dispersed into vast PacificOcean.

The “outflow” pipe-line 330 has two collecting branches 331 and 332connected with pump-stations 301 and 302 positioned over two lowestpoint of the salty body of water 156. Presented salty body of watercontain several layers of different salinity. Higher salinity water isdenser and has tendency to accumulate at the lowest point at the bottomof a salty body of water. The pump-stations 301 and 302 pumps highersalinity water from bottom of a salty body of water 156 and transfers itto the Pacific Ocean through “outflow” pipe-line 330. The pump-stations301 and 302, and inflows pipelines 350 and outflows pipeline 330 can usethe “In-Line Pump” 172 illustrated and described in FIG. 22. The IN-LINEPUMP 172 is an electromotor cylindrical shape and can be inserted as arepetitive segment in pipeline and has no length limitation thereforeincreasing power to the electromotor imparts added pumping to circulatefluid at desired speed. The “In-Line Pump” 172 is an efficient pumpingdevice and would reduce final cost of the project. It functions as agenerator at downhill flow routes—it produces electricity which can beadded as a supplement to energy needed for uphill and horizontal flowroutes.

The “inflow” pipe-line 350 pumps oceanic water and transfers it into thesalty body of water (lake) 156. Having at least three pipelines we canexchange high salinity water from the bottom of the lake 156 with onepipeline and use other two pipelines for bringing oceanic water into thelake 156. By controlling water exchange from the lake and the Ocean wecan reduce salinity and increase water level of the lake and eventuallyequalize salinity of the lake with oceanic water. Pacific coast hasstrong current and dispersed high salinity water will have no negativeeffect on marine life.

Series of Power Plants such as 300 uses geothermal sources and oceanicwater to generate steam and electricity and as a byproduct fresh waterand salt. This particular production process is explained in moredetails in FIGS. 29-32. Alternatively, if production of salt is notneeded anymore for whatever reason (enough produced or oversaturatedmarket or disposal problem, etc.) then power plants 300 can easilyswitch to alternative design to bypass production of salt and produceonly electricity and fresh water. This particular production process isexplained in more details in FIGS. 37-49. Here is also illustrated anoptional pipeline 258 for transporting fresh water from power plants 300on eastern sector directly to canal 316. Here are also illustrated a setof power plants 300 at southern sector taking oceanic water directlyfrom inflows pipelines 350 through pipeline branch 351 and returninghigh salinity water into outflow pipeline 330 through pipeline branch265. Here in southern sector is also shown pipeline 256 for distributingfresh water produced in power plant 300. Amount of produced fresh waterfrom power plants 300 is approximately half of amount of used oceanicwater.

FIG. 38 Illustrate a plain view diagram of array of geothermal powerplants 300 at a location east of the Salton Sea with alternative coolingsystem using cold water from nearby canal 316. For clarity andsimplicity, here are shown only power plants 300 at only one sector.Here is illustrated an alternative option for cooling condensers of thepower units of the power plants 300 with closed loop system 310 havinginflow line 312 and outflow line 314 by using relatively cold water fromnearby canal 316. Water used for cooling condensers is returned backwithout any lost into canal 316 by outflow line 314 for its originalintended purpose. This cooling system is explained in more details inFIG. 44. Here is also illustrated a secondary binary power unit 355 foradditional extraction of heat from outflow cooling line 314, ifnecessary. The power unit 355 is explained in more details in FIG. 47.

FIG. 39 Illustrate a plain view diagram of array of geothermal powerplants 300 at an alternative sector south-east of the Salton Sea atlocation with great geothermal potential. The functioning concept ofpower plants 300 in each sector around the Salton Sea is similar andwill be explained in following FIGS. 41-47.

FIG. 40 is a plain view diagram of array of geothermal power plants 300at same location as explained in previous FIG. 39 with schematic diagramof an alternative cooling system 310 as explained in FIG. 38. Here isillustrated an alternative option for cooling condensers of the powerunits of the power plants 300 with closed loop system 310 having inflowline 312 and outflow line 314 by using relatively cold water from nearbycanal 317. Water used for cooling condensers is returned back withoutany lost into nearby canal 317 by outflow line 314 for its originalintended purpose. This cooling system is explained in more details inFIG. 44.

FIG. 41 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of the geothermal powerplant 300 with array of 24 wells 30. For clarity and simplicity, here isshown only one quarter of the power plant 300 with 6 wells andcorresponding 6 power units 280. Also, shown here is heat exchangesystems 210 connecting first heat exchanger 168 inside well 30 andsecond heat exchanger 182 inside boiler 217 (illustrated in more detailsin FIG. 45). Here are also illustrated control center 200; fresh waterpond 274; desalinization processing building 290; rail road tracks 325;and access roads 327; The power units 280 having boiler/evaporator 217;turbines 230; condenser 360; and generator 250 is explained in moredetails in following illustrations. The other three quarters of thepower plant are identical. Desalinization building 290 is shown here asan optional facility that can be utilized, if needed, for production ofsalt and other minerals. Further embodiment of this invention is thatpower plants 300 consisting of power unites 280 is a modular systemcapable of easy adjustments and reproduction.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that power plant 300 is basedon array of multi wells with relevant power units 380 of medium orsmaller sizes which can extract heat from underground heat source moreefficiently and with fewer limitations than in conventional systemswhere a single power unit is used and supplied with fluids from naturalor manmade hydrothermal reservoir. By having more wellbores 30 whichlength (depth) can periodically be extended and having morecorresponding portable multi heat exchangers 168 inside them increasesheat exchanging surface of the wellbores 30 and heat exchanging surfaceof the heat exchangers 168 altogether. Here presented power units 380can be portable, easy managed, and replaced if needed with deferentcapacity power units. Alternatively, several wells with correspondingheat exchange systems 210 of one section of the power plant 300 can bearranged to supply heat to one or more power units 380 as illustrated inFIGS. 16-19, 45 and 47.

FIG. 42 illustrates an enlarged schematic diagram of the one section ofthe geothermal power plant 300 shown in FIG. 41. Here are illustratedpower units 280 having boiler/evaporator 217, turbines 230, condenser360, and generator 250 with schematic diagram of fluid flow systemsassociated with power plant. Also, shown here is heat exchange systems210 connecting first heat exchanger 168 inside well 30 and second heatexchanger 182 inside boiler 217 (illustrated in more details in FIG.45). Here is illustrated pipeline 264 with extended branch 261 thatsupply the boiler/evaporator 217 with water from salty body of water 156and pipeline 265 for disposal of high salinity water fromboiler/evaporator 217. The pipelines 264 with extended branch 261 andpipeline 265 are aligned together at certain length for purpose ofexchanging heat from hot pipeline 265 to pipelines 264 and 261 to warmup water entering the boiler 217. Those pipes passes through heatexchange container 253 similar to the heat exchange container 254illustrated and explained in FIG. 32. Also, here is shown inflow coolingpipeline 273 that takes water from fresh water pond 274, passes throughcondenser 360, cools it, and returns through outflow cooling line 275back into fresh water pond 274. Here is also shown pipeline 256 thatdelivers condensed fresh water from condenser 360 into fresh water pond274.

FIG. 43 illustrates an enlarged schematic diagram of the one section ofthe geothermal power plant 300 shown in FIGS. 41 and 42 with analternative cooling system. Here is shown condenser 361 which optionallycan be cooled with fan and air circulation instead with water.Alternatively, the boiler 217 can be modified so that fresh water orother working fluids can be used and recycled.

FIG. 44 illustrates an enlarged schematic diagram of the one section ofthe geothermal power plant 300 shown in FIG. 41 with an alternativecooling system. Here are shown all elements as in FIG. 42 withdifference that condenser 360 is cooled with relatively cold water fromnearby canal 316. Here is also shown pipeline 261 that supply the boiler217 with water from salty body of water 156 and pipeline 265 fordisposal of high salinity water from boiler/evaporator 217. Furtherembodiment of this invention is that additional existing availablesources at location, such is relatively cold water from nearby canal316, is integrated in function of the power plant 300. Here are showninflow line 312 and outflow line 314 of the closed loop cooling system310 used for cooling condenser 360. (See FIG. 38). Water used forcooling condensers 360 is returned back into canal 316 without any lost.Here is also shown desalinization building 290 as an optional facilitythat can be utilized, if needed, for production of salt and otherminerals. Also, here is shown water pond 274 for collecting fresh waterfrom condensers 360 which can be used for agriculture and otherapplications. Here also is shown an optional pipeline 257 bypassingwater pond 274 and connecting fresh water pipeline 256 from condensers360 directly to canal 316.

FIG. 45 is a cross sectional view of one power unit 380 of the powerplants 300 taken along line 45-45′ of FIG. 47. This illustration issimilar to illustration explained earlier in FIG. 30, with minormodifications made to accommodate additional illustrations. In thisillustration also are shown well-bore 30 with casing 247. Also, here isshown the first heat exchanger 168 inside well and second heat exchanger182 inside boiler/evaporator/distiller 217 with other elements of thepower plant 380—turbines 230, condenser 360, and generator 250. Here isalso shown at the bottom of the well 30, an in-line pump 172 which canbe attached, if needed, to the first heat exchanger 168 to circulategeothermal fluids upward and around first heat exchanger 168 for moreefficient heat exchange. Here is illustrated an in-line pump 172 havingtwo fluid stirring elements 173 on each end. The fluid stirring elements173 are simple structural pipe sections with openings extending slightlyoff the center line of the pipeline. The purpose of the fluid stirringelements 173 on the lower end of the in-line pump 172 is to directsurrounding geothermal fluid into in-line pump 172 and purpose of thefluid stirring elements 173 on the upper end of the in-line pump 172 isto direct geothermal fluid from the in-line pump 172 up and around firstheat exchanger 168. The first heat exchanger 168 can cool itssurrounding relatively fast therefore circulating geothermal fluid upand down well and around heat exchanger 168 imparts heat exchangeprocess. Here is also illustrated base of structural pipe 185 whichextends to the bottom of the well. Extended length of the well-bore 30and structural pipe 185 provides increased surface of the wallsproviding more heat to be extracted. Further embodiment of thisinvention is that in wells without natural geothermal fluid (dry wells),we can inject our waste water, for example high salinity water fromboiler 217, to provide heat exchange medium.

Here is also shown at least one an inline pump 172 which circulates heatexchange fluid through closed loop system 210 connecting heat exchangers168 and 182. As explained in previous illustrations water from the saltybody of water (lake) 156 is injected through pipelines 264 and 263 intoboiler 217 at level “H”. Water in boiler 217 is heated through heatexchanger 182. Produced steam from boiler 217 is controlled with valve288 and turns turbines 230 which is connected to and spins generator 250which produces electricity which is then transmitted though electricgrid. Exhausted steam after passing through turbines enters inner pipingsystem 362 of the condenser 360. The inner piping system 362 insidecondenser 360 is surrounded with circulating water which enters throughpipeline 312 and exits through pipeline 314. The inner piping system 362is spiral coiled pipe with closed end on top. Several condensers 360 canbe assembled as better illustrated in FIG. 46. “Back Pressure” is a termdefining pressure that usually exists after steam passes though turbineand decreases efficiency of the turbines. Further embodiment of thisinvention is that exhausted steam passing through inner piping system362 reduces and preferably eliminates the “Back Pressure”. The BackPressure is substantially reduced or eliminated by increasing length ofthe inner piping system 362 or adding more condensers. Here is alsoshown collected fresh water under condenser 360 which is transportedthrough pipe 256. Here is also shown “Blow Out Preventer” 31 and derrick240 on dollies 238 which will be explained in more details in subsequentapplication relevant to drilling.

FIG. 46 is a cross sectional view taken along line 46-46′ of FIGS. 45,47, and 48. Here are shown a set of three condensers 360 with innerpiping system 362 connected through distributor chamber 363. Thedistributor chamber 363 can be equip with automatic control valves tocontrol opening and closing of each condenser as needed. Here is alsoshown inner piping system 362 inside condenser 360 with surroundedcirculating water which enters condensers 360 through pipeline 312 andexits through pipeline 314.

FIG. 47 is schematic diagrams of a geothermal power unite 380 of thepower plant 300 illustrated in FIG. 45 with an alternative secondarypower unit aside 355. Here are shown main elements of the power units380—wellbore 30, closed loop system 210, boiler 217, turbines 230,condenser 360, and generator 250. The boiler 217 is heated trough heatexchanger 182 which is part of closed loop system 210. Here is alsoshown condenser 360 with cooling water pipeline inflow 312 and outflow314. Further embodiment of this invention is that secondary binary powerunit 355 is connected to the pipeline 72 of the closed loop system 210on the way out of boiler 217 for additional extraction of heat andadditional production of electricity. The secondary power unit 355consists of two interconnecting binary power units 381 and 382. Binarypower units 381 and 382 have same elements as power unit 380 withexception boilers are not filled with salty water from the lake 156instead, they are filled with working fluid that has lower boiling pointthan water. There are different kinds of working fluids with differentboiling points.

The power unit 382 has lesser capacity than power unit 381 and usesworking fluid that has lower boiling point than is used in power unit381. The secondary power unit 355 uses same cooling water pipelineinflow 312 and outflow 314 as power units 380. The secondary power unit355 doesn't produce fresh water. The power unit 355 is also illustratedin FIG. 38 as a part of the cooling closed loop system 310. The powerunit 355 is illustrated here as a secondary binary power unit, althoughit can be used as a primary system (also illustrated in FIGS. 16 & 17).The binary power unit 355 can be used as a primary system especially ifPhase I & II of the proposal for restoration of the Salton Sea(connecting Salton Sea with Ocean), are for whatever reason, rejectedand Oceanic water cannot be used.

FIG. 48 is a schematic diagram of an alternative power unite 390 of thegeothermal power plant 300 modified for production of electricity, freshwater and extraction of minerals. This plan view illustrates analternative geothermal power unit 390 designed for locations wheresubsurface and the geothermal resources therein are rich with minerals.Here are shown a power unit 390 with main elements—derrick 240, well 30,boiler 217, turbines 230, condenser 360 and processing building 290. Thepower unit 390 functions similarly as power unit 380 which is previouslyexplained. Difference in function of the power unit 390 is thatgeothermal brine, which is rich in minerals, is excavated throughthermally insulated excavation line 372 to the surface and injected intoheat exchange coil 181 which is coupled inside boiler 217. Hotgeothermal brine travels downhill through heat exchange coil 181 andheats boiler 217 which is filled with salty water from the lake 156through pipeline 261. Produced steam from boiler 217 is controlled withvalve 288 and turns turbines 230 which is connected to and spinsgenerator 250 which produces electricity which is then transmittedthough electric grid. Further embodiment of this invention is thatgeothermal brine is transported from boiler 217 through brine line 364to the processing building 290 for extraction of different minerals.

The function of the processing building 290 is explained in FIGS. 29, 31and 32 which is to induce evaporation by heating removable pans 252 andto induce condensation for production of the salt and fresh water.Similarly, the same function of the processing building 290 can be usedfor extraction of the different minerals such as lithium, magnesium,etc., from geothermal brine. Processing buildings 290 are strategicallypositioned in mid-section of the power plant 300 to accommodate array of6 wells in each section of the power plant 300. Additional sections inthe processing building 290 can be added, if needed, for syntheses andelectrolysis process. Alternatively, waste material brine, afterextraction of minerals in processing building 290, is returned troughpipeline 374 back into well 30. Here is also shown an alternativepipeline 367 for high salinity water from boiler 217 level “L”, ifneeded, to be added to geothermal brine in pipeline 364 on the way toprocessing building 290. Here is also shown an alternative pipeline 368for high salinity water from boiler 217 level “L” to be injected intowell 30 for replenishing underground geothermal reservoir and sustainingthe well 30. Here are also shown inflow line 312 and outflow line 314 ofthe closed loop cooling system 310 used for cooling condenser 360. (SeeFIG. 38). Here is also shown fresh water line 256. The surfaces of theboiler and pipeline system can be painted with epoxy bland that resistcorrosion in salty water.

Mining on top of volcano or caldera is not wise selection for locationfor excavation of minerals because at such locations the Earth's crustis thin and there is mantle plume below. Therefore if mining isconducted it should be at minimal capacity and well should bereplenished. Concept for power unit 390 is introduced here asalternative to main concept for power unit 380 to be used periodically.There is a movable derrick 240 on railroad track 325 for maintainingarray of 24 wells at each power plant. The Power unit 390 can bedeployed periodically at each well.

FIG. 49 is a cross sectional view of an alternative power unit 390 takenalong line 49′-49′ of FIG. 48. All elements and function of the powerunit 390 is explained in previous FIG. 48. Further embodiment of thisinvention is that brine excavation pipeline 372 can be assembled withrepetitive segment of inline pumps 172. This way will be eliminatedexcavation problems which are present in conventional drilling,geothermal and oil industries especially in cases where geothermalfluids are deep and geo-pressure is low or doesn't exist.

FIG. 50 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline 400—corridor Route #1, connecting Salton Sea with Gulf ofCalifornia, Mexico, associated with restoration of the Salton Sea 156;This route requires our government to negotiation with Mexico officialstreaty for access for importing seawater. Calculations of the size ofthe pipeline, amount of water and cost estimate for its operation andrevenue is included after the description of drawings.

FIG. 51 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline 410—corridor Route #2, connecting Salton Sea with theOceanside, through an existing tunnel associated with restoration of theSalton Sea 156. Calculations of the size of the pipeline, amount ofwater and cost estimate for its operation and revenue is included afterthe description of drawings.

FIG. 52 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline route 430—corridor Route #3, connecting the Salton Sea with theOceanside, through Beaumont associated with restoration of the SaltonSea 156. Calculations of the size of the pipeline, amount of water andcost estimate for its operation and revenue is included after thedescription of drawings.

FIG. 53 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline 440, corridor Route #4, connecting the Salton Sea with theOceanside, through Borrego Springs associated with restoration of theSalton Sea 156. Calculations of the size of the pipeline, amount ofwater and cost estimate for its operation and revenue is included afterthe description of drawings.

FIG. 54 is a plain view of a schematic diagram of an alternativepipeline 450 corridor Route #5, connecting the Salton Sea with LongBeach, associated with restoration of the Salton Sea. Here isillustrated an existing 96 mile long, 16 inches diameter crude oilpipeline 449 owned by the Questar Pipeline Company. The existingpipeline 449 connects Whitewater and West Hynes Terminal in Long Beach.This pipeline is nor operational at this time but the Questar PipelineCompany own the “Right of Way” and is on sale. Here are also shownsegments (in dash-line) 450 connecting the Salton Sea with Whitewaterand last segment 451 redirecting existing pipeline to the Ocean.Calculations of the size of the pipeline, amount of water and costestimate for its operation and revenue is included after the descriptionof drawings.

FIG. 55 is a plain view of an alternative schematic diagram of dikes andpipeline systems associated with restoration of the Salton Sea; Herepresented plan is similar to the plan already explained in FIG. 37 withseveral additions. Here are illustrated two main dikes 158 and 157 (twolane roads) divides lake in three sections—large central section 156 andtwo smaller sections northern 204 and southern 206. Here are illustratedsecondary dikes 198 and 197 which form ponds 205 and 207. Dividing lakein three sections it prevents pollution of the central section of thelake and provides conditions for tourism (hotels, motels, beaches,resorts, etc.,). Secondary dikes forms ponds 205 and 207 for collectingand treating farmland's runoff water and providing wildlifesanctuary—wetland;

Inflow pipeline 358 bringing seawater from the Pacific Ocean (there areseveral option for importing seawater) to the Salton Sea 156. The highsalinity water has a tendency to accumulate at the bottom of the lakeand can be used for operation of a new design of the geothermal powerplants 300. During the production process distilled water is produced asa byproduct. The high salinity water from the bottom of the lake 156 iscollected through the collection pipeline 332 and from bottom of theponds 205 and 207 through the collection pipeline 335 to theboiler/distiller 217 of the power plan 300 to generate electricity fromprevalent geothermal sources and produces potable water and lithium asbyproducts. As an alternative, ponds 205 in the Southern and 207 in theNorthern sections of the Salton Sea or some of them can be used forcultivation of the algae for industrial use.

FIG. 56 is illustrated enlarged plain view of southern section of theSalton Sea and schematic diagram of dikes and pipeline systems alsoexplained in FIG. 55. Here are illustrated portion of the centralsection 156 and southern section 206. Here are also illustratedsecondary dike 158 and ponds 205. Here are also illustrated piers 159and restaurant 161. Here are also illustrated suction branches 336 ofthe collection pipes 332 at the bottom of the lake. Here is also shownthe overflow 162. As an option mangrove tree 208 can be planted atperiphery of the ponds 205 for natural filtration of the water and toprovide wildlife sanctuary for birds and other wildlife.

FIG. 57 illustrates a plan view of an intersection of a pier 159 andmain dike (two lane road) 158 in the southern section of the Salton Seaalso illustrated in FIG. 56. Here is also illustrated cross-road 149.Here are also illustrated piers 159 and restaurant 161 with parking lots146. Here are also illustrated amphibian airport (dock) 343 andamphibian airplane 342.

FIG. 58 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 58-58′ ofFIG. 56. Here are illustrated restaurant 161, pier 159, dike 158, ponds205, secondary dike 198, and mangrove tree 208. The ponds 205 are dig(formed) in “V” shape profile to provide necessary dept for separationby gravity of higher salinity water, and to provide material for dikes.Here are illustrated suctions 336 and collection pipeline 335.

FIG. 59 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the existing tunnel 412taken along line 59-59′ of FIG. 61, associated with rout #3 alsoillustrated in FIG. 51 of importing seawater for the restoration of theSalton Sea. Here are illustrated four pipelines 411 of the pipeline 410installed on supporting element 413 through tunnel. The tunnel 412 wasbuilt in 1930s to bring water from Colorado River to coastal cities. Thetunnel is 12 miles long at elevation about 1,600 feet. The tunnel is 16feet high and 16 feet wide. Water level is shown as 414. The tunnel 412can be used for pipe line 410 transporting seawater from the Ocean tothe Salton Sea. This alternative solution reduces elevation to overcomefor about 1,100 feet.

FIG. 60 illustrates a detail of a supporting element 413 used inpipelines through the tunnel 412, associated with restoration of theSalton Sea. The element 413 is design to supports pipelines 411 on eachend and to provide minimum resistance to flow of water through tunnel.

FIG. 61 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 61-61′ ofFIG. 59, of the tunnel 412 explained in FIGS. 59 and 60. Here are alsoillustrated pipelines 411 and supporting elements 413.

FIG. 62 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of a schematicdiagram of a pipeline connecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea used forcost calculation at different routes and elevations, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea. Salton Sea's water surface is 230′ (70meters) below the surface of the Ocean. Here are illustrated the Oceanlevel 500 and the Salton Sea level 156 with mountain between; suctionbranches 336 submerged in the Ocean preferably 60-90 feet; the firstpump station 510 with in-line-pump 472 below sea level; severalsubsequent in-line-pump 472; downhill fall 480 with station on top 482and station at bottom 481. Here also are illustrated primaryIn-Line-Generator 572 and subsequent secondary In-Line-Generators 573 ofthe Delta Power Plant 570.

FIG. 63 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of pipelineconnecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea relevant to FIG. 62. The firstIn-line Pump 472 needs to be submerged under surface of the Ocean.Numerous repetitive segments of the “In-line Pump” 472 are installed inthe uphill section “A”. A single pipeline is installed in downhillsection “B”. Here also are illustrated primary In-Line-Generator 572 andsubsequent secondary In-Line-Generators 573 of the “Delta” Power Plant570.

FIG. 64 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a schematic diagram of apipeline 400, connecting the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) and theSalton Sea shoving elevations, associated with restoration of the SaltonSea—Route #1. Here are shown all elements as in a typicalcross-sectional view in FIG. 62. Difference in this route is thatElevation to overcome is only about 35′ (10 m). Pipeline distance isabout 150 miles. Siphon system is used when fluid flow is established.Pump station is activated temporary to establish fluid flow. After fewweeks necessary speed of flow will be established and pump stationturned off.

FIG. 65 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of pipeline 400,route #1, connecting the Ocean and the Salton Sea relevant to FIG. 64,in accordance with the invention. Here are shown five pipelines in firstsection of the pipeline 400; three pipeline in central part of thepipeline 400; single pipeline in third section of the pipeline 400; Fall480; and delta power plant 570 at the end with primary in-line-generator572 and secondary in-line-generators 573; The primary in-line-generator572 harnesses kinetic energy of the fluid at the bottom of the fall 480.Secondary in-line-generators 573 are installed in the Delta Power Plan570 which consist of several branches harnessing energy of the fluidflow with gradually lesser speed.

The same pumping system for importing seawater can be used with minoradjustments for exporting high salinity water (concentrated salty waterat the bottom of the lake) from the Salton Sea into the Ocean byswitching the direction of rotation of the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572and 573. Reverse flow can be activated periodically, for example, twoweeks per year twice a year. One of the minor adjustments for using thesame pipeline system, for exporting water from the Salton Sea, is tohave an alternative connection from pipeline branches 332 to the mainpipeline 400 (see FIG. 87).

FIG. 66 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of a mid section of apipeline over mountain connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea. Thereare five pipelines in uphill routes and single pipeline in downhillroutes. Numerous repetitive segments of the “In-line Pump” 472 areinstalled in the uphill routes. Numerous segments of the“In-Line-Generators” (Split & Join—mini Power Plan) are installed in thedownhill routes. The Split & Join—mini Hydro Power Plants 580 useskinetic energy after fluid exit primary turbine. It provides necessaryvolume of fluid for multi-line uphill routes to accommodate necessaryvolume of fluid at the final exit section.

Here are also illustrated station/reservoirs 482 on top of hill anddownhill fall 480. Here is also illustrated the primaryin-line-generator 572 which is part of “Split and Join” miniature PowerPlant 580 installed in downhill routes.

The purpose of the “Split and Join” miniature Power Plant 580 is toharness energy of the fluid exiting the in-line-generator 572 bysplitting fluid in several lines and harnessing its kinetic energy oflesser speed and join the main pipeline providing the same amount offluid to continue in main pipeline 410.

FIG. 67 illustrates a plain view of a mid section of a pipelineconnecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea, relevant to FIG. 66, inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 68 illustrates a typical cross-sectional view of the final downhillroute of the pipeline 410 connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea.Downhill routes of pipeline can be built using several cascades with“split and join” mini hydropower plants 580 to avoid buildup of extremepressure in the pipeline especially in the last section of the finaldownhill route and to harness more kinetic energy and minimize losses.

The “Delta” mini hydro power plant 570 splits fluid flow into smallerbranches with gradually lesser fluid flow speed in each subsequentbranch, hence, increasing efficiency of harnessing kinetic energy and atthe same time providing the same volume of seawater leaving the pipelineand entering the lake as is the volume of seawater entering the pipelinefrom the Ocean.

FIG. 69 illustrates a typical plain view of the final downhill route ofa pipeline connecting the Ocean with the Salton Sea, relevant to FIG.68, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 70 illustrates a cross-sectional longitudinal view taken along line70′-70″ of FIG. 72, of the primary In-Line-Pump/Generator used in thepipelines for importing seawater in the Salton Sea. TheIn-Line-Pump/Generator 572 is an electromotor of cylindrical shape andis inserted as a repetitive segments in the pipeline. The shaft of therotor is a hollow cylinder 102 with continuous spiral blades 51 insidehollow cylinder/shaft.

In order to harness maximum energy from the fall, the primary generator572 at the bottom of the fall 480 have continuous spiral blades, insidethe hollow cylinder 102, less exposed with bigger openings for the fluidto flow through the middle of the cylinder/shaft 102. The primarygenerator 572 consist of the hollow cylinder 102 with continuous spiralblades 51 inside and electromagnetic coils (armature) 95 outside;stationary part 104 with electromagnetic coils (armature) 93 inside;bearings 97 which engage rotor 102 and stator 104; Stationary part 578and 578 on each end of the primary generator 572, The Stationary part578 and 578 are engaged with rotor 102 through bearing 597. There isalso flange 577 and seal 576. The Stationary part 578 and 578 has flange581 and bolts 582 for connections with other segments of the pipeline.This design of the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 yields a maximum fluidflow rate with limited diameter.

FIG. 71 illustrates a cross-sectional longitudinal view taken along line71′-71″ of FIG. 73 of the secondary In-Line-Generator 573 used inpipeline for importing seawater in the Salton Sea. The secondaryIn-Line-Generator 573 is almost identical to the primaryIn-Line-Generator 572. The only difference is that the hollowcylinder/shaft/rotor 102 have continuous spiral blades 51, more exposedwith smaller openings in the middle of the cylinder/shaft 102. TheSecondary In-Line-Generators 573 are subsequent segments in the “Split &Join” 580 and “Delta” mini hydro Power Plants 570 having gradually moreexposed continuous spiral blades with smaller openings in the middle ofthe cylinder as speed of fluid gradually decreases.

FIG. 72 illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view taken along line72′-72″ of FIG. 70 of the primary In-Line-Generator 172. In order toharness maximum energy from the fall 480, the Primary Generator 572 atthe bottom of the fall, have continuous spiral blades 51, inside thehollow shaft 102 less exposed with bigger openings 101 in the middle ofthe cylinder/shaft 102.

FIG. 73 illustrates a cross-sectional frontal view taken along line73′-73″ of FIG. 71 of the secondary In-Line-Generator 573. Thesubsequent segments after primary In-Line-Generator 572 areIn-Line-Generators 573 forming Delta Hydro Power Plant 570. TheIn-Line-Generators 573 have gradually more exposed continuous spiralblades with smaller opening 103 in the middle of the cylinder/shaft 102as speed of fluid gradually decreases.

The same pumping system for importing seawater can be used with minoradjustments for exporting high salinity water (concentrated salty waterat the bottom of the lake) from the Salton Sea into the Ocean byswitching direction of rotation of the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 and573. Reverse flow can be activated periodically for example: two weeksper year twice a year.

FIG. 74 illustrates a plain view of a quarter of the new design of aPower Plan 300 used in this invention and associated with therestoration of the Salton Sea. A quarter of the new design of a PowerPlan 300 is a modular unit. The Power Plant 300 uses completely closedloop system 210. Salty water from the bottom of the lake is distributedthrough pipeline 264 and 261 to the boilers 217 of the Power Unites 380to the level “H” where is heated up with second heat exchanger 182 ofthe closed loop system 210. Steam passes through turbine/generator 231which generate electricity and passes as exhausted steam throughcondenser 360 and condenses as potable water 256. Remaining water in theboiler, now level “L”, is more salty and is injected through line 465into wellbore 30 to form geothermal reservoir for better conduction ofheat from hot rocks to the first heat exchanger 168. After wellbore 30is filled up, the saturated brine is periodically excavated throughexcavation line 370 and 371 and distributed to the processing building290 for desalination and/or extraction of lithium.

FIG. 75 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 75′-75″ ofFIGS. 74 and 76—one typical power unit, 380 in accordance with theinvention. Here is illustrated a method for harnessing geothermal energyfor generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heatexchange systems 210 combined with on-board motorized drill head 345.

The presented heat exchange system combine with drilling system enabledrilling deeper and wider wellbores with constant diameter. Presentedheat exchange system 210 combined with for drilling system for faster,deeper and wider wellbore consist of motorized drill head 345; separateexcavation line 370; separate fluid delivery line 465; separate closedloop cooling line 310 engaged with Power Unit on the ground surface; asystem for building casing at the same time as drilling processprogresses, having an elevator system (cage) 342 sliding over thedrilling/excavation/heat exchange apparatus 168, delivering andinstalling casing sheets and concrete; and cable 346 for lowering andraising the cage 342.

The first heat exchanger 168 of the closed loop system 210 is lowered atheat source and second heat exchanger 182 is coupled intoboiler/evaporator 217 of the Power Unite 380.

Salty water from bottom of the Salton Sea is injected intoboiler/evaporator 217 to the level “H”. Salty water is heated by heatexchanger 182 and steam is produced which spins turbine and generator231, which generates electricity. The power unit 380 has a condenser 360which is cooled with additional closed loop system 310 which has inflowline 312 and outflow line 314.

Geothermal fluid and/or saturated brine is circulated around first heatexchanger 168 with an on-board in-line-pump 172 to minimize heat fluxeffect by increasing heat exchange surface of the well by stirringgeothermal fluid and/or saturated brine from deep down up to first heatexchanger 168.

If heat flux becomes an issue again then drilling of the wellbore cancontinue with lowering of whole apparatus deeper as needed in search forhot rocks. Eventually, a point will be reached where heat extractionfrom rocks and heat replenishment to the rocks from heat generated byradioactive decay and internal heat will be in balance/equilibrium.

FIG. 76 illustrates a schematic plain view of the power unit illustratedin FIG. 75. Remaining salty water, level “L”, from distiller 217 isinjected through pipeline 465 into wellbore 30 to form geothermalreservoir for better conduction of heat from hot rocks to the first heatexchanger 168.

After wellbore is filled with saturated brine it is periodicallyexcavated through excavation line 370 and 371 and distributed to theprocessing building 290 for extraction of the lithium. The processingbuilding 290, also explained in FIGS. 29-32, uses green house effect andgeothermal heat to provide evaporation which drastically reducesexpenses usually associated with evaporation process. Also, theprocessing building 290 provide concentrated brine which can be used forextraction of lithium. By implementing different processes such asion-imprinted polymers the extraction of lithium from brine inprocessing building 290 can be profitable business.

FIG. 77 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional plain view of a derrick340 illustrated in FIGS. 75-79. Here are shown bridge 374 with pillars343 for supporting excavation line 371 through which the brine fromwellbore 30 is transferred to the processing building 290; railroad 325;dollies 341; and the Blow-Out-preventer 344.

FIG. 78 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a derrick 340illustrated in FIGS. 75, 76 and 77. In this illustration are shownbridge 374 with supporting pillars 343 for supporting excavation line371 through which the brine from wellbore 30 is transferred to theprocessing building 290. The excavation line 371, at this segment on theway down, is a flexible tube and slides into pipe 348 during drillingprocess. As drilling process progresses the drilling apparatus whichincludes vertical segments of the excavation line 371 slides downproviding space for installation of the subsequent segment of thedrilling apparatus. Here are also shown dollies 341 and theBlow-Out-preventer 344.

The apparatus also incorporates an elevator system (cage) 342 slidingover the drilling/excavation/heat exchange apparatus 370/168, deliveringand installing casing sheets and concrete. The casing of the wellborecan be build during the drilling process.

Here is also shown a cable 346 for lowering and raising the cage 342.Here are also shown working and structural platforms 352, 353 and 354.Here are also shown a dolly 356 for hoisting and adjusting drilling andheat exchange apparatus.

A system for drilling faster, deeper and wider wellbore consist ofmotorized drill head 345; separate excavation line 371; separate fluiddelivery line and separate closed loop cooling line engaged with PowerUnit on the ground surface (not shown in this illustration).

Presented drilling apparatus has retractable bits 349 on the motorizeddrill head 345 so that whole apparatus can be pulled up on surface evenafter casing is installed.

The diameter of the excavation line and rate of flow of mud and cuttingsthrough it and the diameter of the fluid delivery line and rate of fluidflow through it are in balance requiring only limited fluid column atthe bottom of the well bore.

The excavation process continues regardless of the diameter of the drillhead (wellbore); therefore this method eliminates well known drillinglimitations relative to the depth and diameter of the wellbore.

FIG. 79 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 75′-75″ ofFIGS. 74 and 76 of an alternative power unit 383 of the power plant 300.This embodiment is almost identical to power unit 380 illustrated inFIG. 75. The only difference is that instead turbines and generatorassembly 231 here is used piston system 491 for generation ofelectricity in accordance with the invention. Here is also showngenerator 250 and gear box 251. Diagram of the function of the presentedpiston system 491 is explained in FIGS. 81-85.

FIG. 80 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an independent power unit490 illustrated in FIG. 79 that can be used in different applicationsfor generation of electricity in accordance with the invention; Thisillustration show independent power unit 490 consisting ofboiler/evaporator 217; a universal heat exchanger 210; piston unite 491which is engaged with generator 250 and gearbox 251; and condenser 360.The universal heat exchange system 210 is a closed loop thermallyinsulated tube having first and second heat exchangers where the firstheat exchanger 168 is positioned in heat source and second heatexchanger 182 is positioned into boiler/evaporator 217 of the powerunit. Presented independent power unit 490 show only the second heatexchanger 182 inside evaporator 217 with attachments 215 and 216 to beattached to the rest of the heat exchanger system 210 with first heatexchanger 168 wherever heat source happens to be. Presented system canbe modified to be used in many different applications. For example, theboiler 217 can be filled with seawater, if available nearby, to generateelectricity and have byproduct potable water for consumers

FIG. 81 illustrates a schematic diagram of the function of the pistonunite 491 of the independent power unit 490 illustrated in FIGS. 79 and80 with piston in position stroke one. Presented piston unite 491consist of two cylinders 492 and 494 which are engaged with pistons 432and 434; Crankshaft 435 which is engaged to the gear boxes 436 andgenerators 250; The rods 442 and 444 are securely connected tocorresponding pistons 432 and 434 and each engaged with activators 452which control (open and close) the Three Port Switch Valves 303 throughcontrol bar 425 which are engaged with pressurized source of steam 217and exhausted outflow to the condenser 360.

Here is shown function of the first stroke. The pressurized steam entersupper chamber 496 of the cylinder 492 through pressurized hose 308 andlower chamber 497 of the cylinder 494 through pressurized hose 309. Hereis also shown exhausted steam exiting lower chamber 498 of the cylinder492 through pressurized hoses 375 and upper chamber 495 of the cylinder494 through pressurized hoses 376 both joining exhaust line house 377which is coupled to the Three Port Switch valves 303 which is coupled tothe condenser 360.

The gear box 436 is engaged with the crankshaft 435 and generator 250and multiplies rotation of the crankshaft 435 to the generators 250.

The rods 442 slides through activators 452 (see FIGS. 83 and 84) and atthe end of first stroke it activate and rotate the control bar 425 whichis connected to the rotating ball 305 which closes port 311 and opensport 313 of the Three Port Switch Valves 303 (see FIG. 85).

By closing port 311 and opening port 313 of the Three Port Switch Valves303 it start stroke two explained in FIG. 82.

FIG. 82 illustrates a schematic diagram of the power unit illustrated inFIGS. 79 and 80 with piston system 491 in position stroke two inaccordance with the invention. This illustration is almost identical toillustration in FIG. 81. The only difference is that pistons are inopposite position—stroke two.

By closing port 311 and opening port 313 of the Three Port Switch Valves303, the pressurized steam enters upper chamber 495 of the cylinder 494through pressurized hose 408 and lower chamber 498 of the cylinder 492through pressurized hose 409. Here is also shown exhausted steam exitinglower chamber 497 of the cylinder 494 through pressurized hoses 385 andupper chamber 496 of the cylinder 492 through pressurized hoses 386 bothjoining exhaust line house 387 which is coupled to the Three Port Switchvalves 303 which is coupled to the condenser 360.

FIG. 83 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the activators 452 takenalong line 83′-83″ of FIG. 84 also illustrated in FIGS. 81 and 82 inaccordance with the invention. The activators 452 consist of base 453which contain spring 454 and ball 455; housing 456 which engage thecontrol bar 425 and the rod 442. The rod 442 slides through activator452 (see FIGS. 81 and 82) and at the end of first piston stroke itactivate and rotate the control bar 425 which is connected to therotating ball 305 which closes port 311 and opens port 313 of the ThreePort Switch Valves 303 (see FIG. 85). The rod 442 has protrusion 443.The control bar 425 has two protrusions opposite to each other 445 and446. When the rod 442, which is connected to the piston, slides throughthe activator 452 the protrusion 443 of the rod 442 engages withprotrusion 445 of the control bar 425 and rotates control bar 425 in onedirection for about 45°. When the rod 442, which is connected to thepiston, slides through the activator 452 in opposite direction itrotates control bar 425 in opposite direction for about 45°. During thiscyclic process protrusion 446 of the control bar 425 engage andtemporary presses ball 455 which locks the control bar 425 in positionand that cycle is repeated as pistons changes positions in stroke oneand two.

FIG. 84 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the activators 452 takenalong line 84′-84″ of FIG. 83 also illustrated in FIGS. 81 and 82 inaccordance with the invention.

FIG. 85 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a Three Port Switch Valve303 illustrated in FIGS. 81 and 82 in accordance with the invention.Here, as a sample, is illustrated the Three Port Switch Valves 303coupled to the evaporator 217. The same valve is also coupled tocondenser 360 (not illustrated here). Three Port Switch Valves 303consist of housing of the valve 304 which has three ports—basic port 315and two ports 311 and 313 for connecting high pressure hoses 307 and407; rotating ball 305 which has opening (tunnel) 326 which can alignand provide flow from basic port 315 to either of two ports 311 and 313as the control bar 425 which is firmly connected to the rotating ball305 switches positions.

The presented illustrations are used to explain the function of thesystem. Alternatively, the three-point switch valve 303 can be activatedelectronically instead of mechanically by activator 452.

FIG. 86 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of analternative pipeline route connecting Salton Sea with Gulf ofCalifornia, Mexico. Here is illustrated an alternative solution for therestoration of the Salton Sea. This option requires treaty with Mexicoto secure long-term interest of both countries. USA interest is to havecorridor for two pipeline and access to the Gulf of California. Mexico'sinterest is to have more water from Colorado River for their farmlandsand possible inflow to the Gulf of California. Alternatively, thisunexpected offer, but important water source, can be used forrejuvenating the Laguna Salada (now dry lake bed) and/or reaching theGulf of California that way.

Here is illustrated redirection of the New River 318 and Alamo River 328on Mexican side of the border with two gates 392 and 393 to flow towardsLaguna Salada 394. This option requires relatively inexpensive earthwork (a few miles cut) 397 west of Mexicali, Mexico. Here is alsoillustrated an optional route 396 bypassing Laguna Salada 394. On theway towards Gulf of California.

Here is also illustrated pipeline system which distributes water forfarmland south of the lake. For the reason of preventing formation ofrunoffs water from nearby farmland entering the southern and northernsections of the lake and for reason of water conservation the amount ofwater for the farmland from All-American Canal can be controlled withvalves to be used only as necessary with sprinkler system preventingformation of the runoffs water so that will not be runoffs water fromfarmlands entering the Salton Sea.

FIG. 87 illustrates a plain view of a schematic diagram of an enlargedsection of alternative pipeline system associated with route connectingSalton Sea with Gulf of California, Mexico illustrated in FIG. 86; Hereis illustrate an alternative system designed for more efficient waterconservation to accommodate water restriction with enforcement of theresult of Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA).

This system consist of pipeline 530 transporting water from All-AmericanCanal for distribution to the farmland and southern section of the lake;three reservoirs/tanks 535 with valves 536 controlling water flow to thethree main pipelines; eastern branch 531; central branch 532; andwestern branch 533; and secondary pipelines 534 extending from each ofthree main branches.

The secondary pipelines 534 have caps on their ends. The main pipelines531, 532, and 533 have control valves 536 on beginning and controlvalves 537 on their ends. By coordinating activation of the controlvalves 536 and 537 the conservation of the water can be maximized. Forexample—the check valves 537 on the end of the main three pipelines canbe in closed position to provide necessary pressure in pipeline duringuse of water for farmland through sprinkler system. After cycle ofwatering of farmland is completed the check valves 537 can be opened tosupply the necessary inflow for the southern section of the lake206—wildlife sanctuary—as needed to compensate for lost of water byevaporation. Presented system prevents formation of runoff water fromfarmland and makes the New River and Alamo River unnecessary. The NewRiver and Alamo River will still function in stormy days. In thisillustration is shown function of the system in southern section of thelake 206. The same system is used in northern section of the lake (seeFIG. 90).

In this illustration is shown an area 415 surrounded with a levy(dike)—two lane road 416, (see FIGS. 88 and 89) which intrude intowaterline of the southern section of the lake 206 (wild life sanctuary)to form dry land and secure development of the conventional geothermalpower plant 427 at the area of known geothermal reservoir (see FIGS. 88and 89). The existence of conventional geothermal power plants in thisarea can be a positive factor and coexistence of mutual interest ofconventional geothermal power plant 427 and new (closed loop system)geothermal power plant 300 because natural geothermal reservoirs in thisarea (about dozen of them) that conventional geothermal power plantdepend on are depleting and needs additional source of water forreplenishing them. Replenishing depleting geothermal reservoirs can beaccomplished by injecting waste water from boilers 217 of the newgeothermal power plants 300 through pipeline 428 into depletinggeothermal reservoirs.

The same pumping system for importing seawater can be used with minoradjustments for exporting high salinity water (concentrated salty waterat the bottom of the lake) from the Salton Sea into the Ocean byswitching the direction of rotation of the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572and 573 (see FIGS. 62-73). Reverse flow can be activated periodically,for example, two weeks per year twice a year. One of the minoradjustments for using the same pipeline system, for exporting water fromthe Salton Sea, is to have an alternative connection from pipelinebranches 332 to the main pipeline 400 (see FIG. 87).

FIG. 88 illustrates enlarged plain view of southern section of theSalton Sea and schematic diagram of an alternative dikes and pipelinesystems associated with restoration of the Salton Sea also illustratedin FIGS. 86 and 87; Here is shown in more details the southern sectionof the lake 206 (wild life sanctuary) with an area 415 surrounded with alevy (dike)—two lain road 416, which intrude into waterline of thesouthern section of the lake 206 to form dry land 415 and securedevelopment of the conventional geothermal power plant 427 at the areaof known geothermal reservoir.

Here are also shown pipeline 332 with suction branches 336 forcollecting and transporting high salinity water from the bottom of thelake into boilers of the geothermal power plant 300. High salinity waterhas higher density and have tendency to accumulate at the bottom of alarge body of water. Here are also shown pipelines 335 and 337 withsuction branches 336 which collect and transport high density water withheavy metals and salt, which have tendency to accumulate at lowest pointof a large body of water, and transport it into boilers of thegeothermal power plant 300.

Here are also shown production well 418 and injection well 426 in area415 designated for building conventional geothermal power plant 427. Theinjection well 426 can be used for depositing waste material from powerplant 300 through pipeline 428 into depleting geothermal reservoir. Ifneeded, the waste material from power plant 300 can be diluted withwater from pipelines 332, 335 or 337 before being injected intogeothermal reservoirs.

Here are also shown three main pipelines 531, 532 and 533 with controlvalves 537 for providing and circulating water in the southern sectionof the lake 206 (the wild life sanctuary). Here are also shown dike 158(two lane road) with several piers 159 and restaurants 161. Here arealso shown islands 147 seeded with plants, preferably mangrove trees oralike, which would provide wildlife sanctuary. The islands 147 can bebuild by material from digging “V” shaped ponds 209 and from occasionaldredging and maintain this section of the lake.

A portion of the Southern and Northern sections of the Salton Sea can beused for cultivation of the algae for industrial use.

Water Needed for Balancing Evaporation in the Southern Section 206 ofthe Lake:

Necessary inflow to balance evaporation of the whole lake is less than1,200,000 acre feet. The surface of the southern section 206 of the lakeis less than 10% of whole lake—let's say it is 10%. Water needed tobalance evaporation of the southern section 206 is about 120,000 acrefeet. Water needed for farmlands south of the lake is about 200,000 acrefeet. Water needed for balancing evaporation in the southern section ofthe lake 206 and for nearby farmland is about 320,000 acre feet.

FIG. 89 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line 89-89′ ofFIG. 88, of the southern section of the Salton Sea, associated withrestoration of the Salton Sea. In this illustration are shown “V” shapedponds 209 which should be deep enough, about 60 feet, which wouldprovide natural separation and filtration of water by gravity. Here arealso shown pier 159 and restaurant 161. Here are also shown dikes 158and 416 and dry area 415 surrounded with dike 416, which intrude intowaterline of the southern section of the lake 206 (wild life sanctuary)to form dry land 415 and secure development of the conventionalgeothermal power plant 427 at the area of known geothermal reservoir.Here are also shown raised platform (landfill) 417 preferably beinghigher than water level of the lake for building conventional geothermalpower plant and structures on it. Here are also shown production well418 and injection well 426. Here are also shown a bridge 429 connectingmain dike 158 and levy 416.

FIG. 90 illustrates enlarged plain view of northern section of theSalton Sea 204 and schematic diagram of dike and pipeline systemsassociated with route connecting Salton Sea with Gulf of California,Mexico illustrated in FIGS. 86 and 87. Here is shown the same system ofpipelines for conservation of water which distributes water fromCoachella Canal 316 to the farmland and to the northern section of thelake 204 as is used in southern section of the lake 206 illustrated andexplained in FIG. 87.

Here are illustrated main pipelines 538 and 539 distributing water tosecondary pipelines 534 which have caps on end of the pipelines and usesprinkler system for final distribution of water to farmland. The amountof water for the farmland from Coachella Canal 316 can be controlledwith valves 536 and 537 to be used only as necessary for farmland toprevent formation of the runoffs water from farmland.

Here are also shown control valves 537 at the end of pipelines 538 and539 for providing and circulating water in the northern section of thelake 204 (wild life sanctuary). Here are also shown dike 157 (two laneroad) with several piers 159 and restaurants 161. Here are also shownislands 147 seeded with plants, preferably mangrove trees or alike,which would provide wildlife sanctuary. The islands 147 can be build bymaterial from digging “V” shaped ponds 209 and from occasional dredgingand maintain this section of the lake.

Here are also shown Whitewater River 378 which is most of the year a drywash. It functions as a river during storms which is short period ofseveral days a year. In the Whitewater River is also deposited treatedsewer water from cities of Coachella Valley. Here is also shown possibleconnection 369 to collect and transport runoff water, that might notbeen treated properly, to the pipeline 329 to prevent contamination ofthe northern section 204 and to be used in power plants 300 andsubsequently to be used for replenishment of the depleting geothermalreservoirs.

Here are also shown a possible location for a Hotel Resort 540 with asection in the Salton Sea with the tower 550 to be built on manmadeisland 560 which contain a mechanism for generation of waves forsurfing.

Water Needed for Balancing Evaporation in the Northern Section 204 ofthe Lake:

Necessary inflow to balance evaporation of the whole lake is less than1,200,000 acre feet. The surface of the northern section 204 of the lakeis less than 5% of whole lake—let's say is 5%. Water needed to balanceevaporation of the southern section 204 is about 60,000 acre feet. Waterneeded for farmlands north of the lake is about 100,000 acre feet.

Water needed for balancing evaporation in the northern section of thelake 204 and for nearby farmland is about 160,000 acre feet.

Water needed for balancing evaporation in the northern and southernsections of the lake and for nearby farmlands is about 480,000 acre feetper year.

It means that we can functional lake with less than 480,000 acre feetper year from Colorado River, which means that this proposal is inharmony with restrictions from Quantification Settlement Agreement(QSA).

FIG. 91 illustrates enlarged plain view of a resort hotel 540illustrated in FIG. 90. Here is shown preliminary design of the entranceto the hotel, parking spaces, swimming pool, and tennis courts.

FIG. 92 illustrates a cross-sectional plain view taken along line92′-92″ of FIG. 93 of a tower 550 which contain mechanism for generatingsurfing waves also illustrated in FIG. 90. In FIGS. 92 and 93 isillustrated a concept of a wave generating facility 560 which extendinto Salton Sea. The wave generating facility 560 consist of a tower 550which contain mechanism for generating surfing waves; and wall segments551 which surround surfing area.

The mechanism for generating surfing waves consist of the ax room 552which is mounted in a recess 553 which is formed between three sides ofstructural walls 558 of tower 550. The ax room 552 is waterproof spacesuspended on cables 556 and securely engaged with vertical rails whichare fixed to the three inner structural walls 558. There is access tothe top of tower and ax room 552 by stairs 561 and by elevators 562.

The back side of the ax room 552 is a vertical smooth surface. The axroom 552 consists of three waterproof segments: central segment 552;lower segment (reinforced container) 554; upper segment 555; and cablesand winch 556 to hoist ax room 552. The central segment of the ax room552 is furnished space for visitors having secured acrylic window infront wall. The lower segment (reinforced container) 554 can be filledwith water to adjust weight of the ax 552 if needed.

The upper segment 555 of the ax room 552 has shape to smoothly increasevolume and buoyancy as ax room penetrates water during fall. The ax room552 provides space for visitors with secured acrylic windows so thatvisitors can view descent above and under water. The visitors arefastened and can experience weightless sensation for several seconds onthe way down. As the ax room 552 plunges into water the sharp edge ofthe lower segment provide smooth entry. The angled surface transferenergy of the fall into waves. As the ax room 552 enters water it pushes(expel) water out and forward generating waves for surfers to ride on.

As the ax room 522 sink the buoyancy increase and push the ax room 552upward. The momentum of buoyancy is used to push ax room 522 up abovewater surface so that additional power for raising ax room is minimized.The ax room 552 is raised with hoist (cable system) 556 to desiredheight and secured at that desired position with controlled fastener(locks). The frequency of generating surfing wave can be scheduled forperiods of 10-15 minutes. Here is also shown island 559 on which tower550 is build.

Important point of this concept is that two strong tourists' attractions“weightlessness” and “surfing” are achieved minimizing operatingexpenses. Because of nice weather in area, the presented concept wouldbe attraction for surfers for 12 months a year with possibility ofhosting surfing competition events.

The wall segments 551 have pathway on top with safety rails and areconnected with bridges 557 for visitors to reach tower by foot. The wallsegments 551 are positioned so to concentrate waves in surfing area andto provide water circulation.

FIG. 93 illustrates a cross-sectional pain view of a wave generatingtower 550 taken along line 93′-93″ of FIG. 92 also illustrated in FIG.90. Here are shown all elements explained in FIG. 92. Here are alsoshown the light feature 563 on top of the tower 550 for light shows atnight. Here are also shown deep reservoir 564 in which the ax room 552plunges. Here is also shown, in dash-line, surfing waves 565 generatedafter the ax room 552 plunges into reservoir 564. It is realistic toexpect that the tower 550, beside explained tourist attractions such asgenerating surf waves and weightlessness, might also be a symbolic“light hous” and be featured as such for the area.

FIG. 94 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a solar panel assembly 585and its attachment system to the pipeline in accordance with theinvention. Here is illustrated a solar panels assembly 585 installed onupper portion of the pipeline 400 for harnessing solar energy and forgeneration of electricity. In this presentation the pipeline 400 is usedas a sample for explaining the system but the concept can be used incombination with any pipeline system.

The solar panel assembly 585 consists of: two support structure 586 withfitting protrusions 598; supporting beams 587; fastener assembly 588with a clamp 589; and solar panels 590 consisting of central panel 591and two side panels 592 and 593. Here are also shown side panelssupporting beams 594 and joining elements 595. Here is also illustratedas an alternative (in dash-line) the extended beams structure 596 toprovide different angle for side panels and consequently catch moresunlight during the day. Here are also shown a fastener assembly 588which are integral part of the radial support structure 586. The supportstructures 586 have radial corresponding shape and size to the diameterof a segment of the pipeline. When the support structures assembly 586is fitted on top of a segment of a pipeline, the fastener clamp 589 isbended in locking position and tightened with bolt and nut.

FIG. 95 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of thealternative solar panel assembly 585 shown in FIG. 94. Here are shownsolar panels arranged so to cover upper surface of the pipelineconsisting of upper central panel 591 and sides panels 593 and 592 tocatch sunrays during the day. Side panels will be more effective inmorning and in afternoon when the sun is lower and upper central panelwill be most effective in the midday when the sun is high. Generatedelectricity can be used as supplement energy needed for pumping water onuphill routes or as a supplement to the electric grid.

FIG. 96 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solar panelassembly 600 and its attachment system to the pipeline and liftingmechanism 601. Similarly to solar panels assembly 585 presented in FIGS.94 and 95 the assembly 600 also consist of the support structures 586;longitudinal beams 587, fastener assembly 588, and solar panels 590. Inaddition to solar panels assembly 590 in assembly 600 is added thelifting mechanism 601 to change position of the side panels 593 and 592to follow the sun and maximize effectiveness of sunlight during the day(see side view in FIG. 97). The lifting mechanism 601 consist of: themain rod 602 attached to radial support structures 586; arms 603attached to the frame of side panels 604 with ball joints 605 and to themain rod 602 with nut-ball join 606; and the gear box with motor andelectronics 607. The main rod 602 is engage with gear box 607 throughset of gears. The main rod 602 also has two sets of thread 608 on eachside of the gear box 607 and each thread aligned in opposite directions.The threaded portions of the main rod 602 engage with corresponding nutswith ball-join 606. When motor rotates the main rod 602 in one directionthe nuts with ball-join 606 slides in opposite directions and pushesside panel 593 and 592 through arms 603 up. The side panels 593 and 592are engaged with upper central panel 591 through pivot 609. Here arealso shown bars 599 for securing the gear box 607.

FIG. 97 illustrates a side view of a solar panel assembly 600 and itsattachment system to the pipeline with lifting mechanism 601 with oneside in upright position explained in FIG. 96. In this side view thelifting mechanism 601 is behind solar panels and is shown in dash-line.Here are also shown elements of solar tracking mechanism 601 such asnut-ball join 606 and arms 603 in different positions as one set isattached to the panel 593 which is in raised position and another set isattached to the panel 592 which is in lowered position.

FIG. 98 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of a solar panelassembly 600 and its attachment mechanism to the pipeline shown in FIGS.96 and 97.

FIG. 99 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solar panelassembly 583 and its attachment system to the pipeline with solartracking (lifting) mechanism 601 with all three panel sides inhorizontal position. Similarly to solar panels assembly 600 presented inFIGS. 96 and 97 the assembly 583 also consist of the support structures586; longitudinal beams 587, fastener assembly 588, and solar panels590, and lifting mechanism 601 to change position of the side panels 593and 592 to follow the sun and to maximize effectiveness of sunlightduring the day. In addition to solar panels assembly 600 in assembly 583is added the support structures 584 to raise one longitudinal side ofthe assembly to maximize effectiveness of sunlight during the day.

Here is also shown an alternative fastening belt, 611(here shown in dashline) which extend under the pipe 400 and locks supporting assembly 586.

FIG. 100 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative solarpanel assembly 610 and its attachment system to the pipeline withlifting mechanism 612 taken along line 100′-100″ of FIG. 102. FIGS.100-104 illustrate a solar panels assembly 610 installed on upperportion of the pipeline 400 to generate electricity. Similarly to solarpanels assembly 600 presented in FIGS. 96-98 the assembly 610 alsoconsist of the support structures 614 slightly different to accommodatesolar tracking (lifting) mechanism 612 and main beams 617 and 618;fastener assembly 588; solar panels 590; and solar tracking mechanism601 to change position of the side panels to follow the sun and tomaximize effectiveness of sunlight during the day.

Here are also shown the thermo optical solar panel 567 assembled on theframe of the side panels 592 and 593. The thermo optical solar panels567 consist of several rows of parabolic depressions containing heatexchanger 690 (same profile as illustrated in more details in FIG. 107)and is covered with corresponding several rows of transparent cover withlenses 715. A sheet of parabolic depressions, having reflective surface,contain heat exchanger 690 which is closed loop metal pipeline passingzigzag through each parabolic row and is strategically positioned withfirst pipe 716 in focal points of parabola depression and with secondpipe 717 in focal point of lenses 715. Synthetic oil or coolant(ethylene-glycol) circulates through heat exchanger 690. The heatexchanger 690 of several panels join and are connected to power unit 491which generate electricity (see FIGS. 80-85).

About heat transfer: The thermo optical solar panel 567 with severalrows of parabolic depressions with reflective surface bounces sunlightoff and direct it to a first (lower) pipe 716 of the heat exchanger 690filled with synthetic oil, which heats to over 400° C. (750° F.). Thereflected light focused at the first pipe 716 is 71 to 80 times moreintense than the ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oil transfers its heatto water or working fluid, which boils and drives the power unit 490,thereby generating electricity. Synthetic oil (instead of water) is usedto carry the heat to keep the pressure within manageable parameters.

The thermo optical panels 567 have transparent cover incasing theassembly. The transparent cover can be tinted with special coat toattract sunlight and to prevent reflection. Flat transparent cover canbe cleaned easier from birds dropping and dust. An automated washingmechanism can be installed.

The compact solar panel 567 which encapsulate the heat exchanger 690provides a “green house effect” which enhances heat exchange process.

Combination of solar thermal system and solar optical systemencapsulated in a compact solar panel 567 provides an efficient andpractical way for harnessing solar energy.

Here is also shown a central panel 591 as thermo solar panel 106illustrated in more details in FIG. 32. In this application the closedloop pipeline 108 of the heat exchanger 107 of the thermo solar panel106 is connected to power unit 491 which generate electricity.

In addition to solar panels assembly 600 in assembly 610 is addedlifting mechanism 612 which include gear box with motor 621 to raise onelongitudinal side of the solar panel assembly 610 to maximizeeffectiveness of sunlight during the day and seasons.

Similarly to the lifting mechanism 601 for controlling position of theside panels 593 and 592, explained in FIGS. 96-99, the solartracking—lifting mechanism 612 of whole solar panels assembly 610consist of: the main rod 613 attached to two supporting radial structure614 and 615; two arms 616 which attached with one end to the main beams617 and 618 which supports frame of all three panels 591, 592 and 593and with other end to the main rod 613 through the double nut-ball join619 which is engage trough treads to the main rod 613. The main beams617 and 618 are connected at one end with bar 622 and with pivotal bar623 at other end.

The main rod 613 is engage with gear box with motor 621 through set ofgears. The main rod 613 also has a threaded portion 628 which engageswith corresponding double nut ball-join 619. When activated the motorwith gear box 621 rotates main rod 613 in one direction causing thedouble nut ball-join 619 to slides in one direction and pushes the mainbeams 617 and 618 up through arms 616. The frame of the side solarpanels 593 and 592 are connected to the main beams 618 and 617 throughpivot 624. Both lifting mechanism 601 for controlling position of theside panels 593 and 592 are permanently attached to main beams 618 and617 so that the solar tracking mechanism 601 can continue functioningregardless of the main beams 618 and 617 positions.

FIG. 101 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the solar panel assembly610 and its attachment system to the pipeline with lifting mechanism612, taken along line 101′-101″ of FIG. 102. Here is also illustratedrechargeable battery pack 625 to store energy to be used if and whenneeded. For example, stored energy can also be used to close extendedpanels in basic (default) closed position in emergency situations beforestorm on cloudy days when there is no sufficient sunlight or at nightwhen there is no sunlight. Here is also shown box 626 with electronicfor receiving and transmitting data.

FIG. 102 illustrates a longitudinal partial cross-sectional view of twoadjacent solar panel assemblies 610 and its attachment system to thepipeline also illustrated in FIGS. 100 and 101. Here is also shown (indash line) the main beams 617 and 618 of one solar panel assembly 610 inraised position. Here is also shown a fire hydrant valve 545.

One of strong benefits of the presented pipeline, beside its mainpurpose to transport seawater to desert, is that periodic segments ofthe pipeline can have side valve as fire hydrant 545 to which a hose canbe attached to supply water for protecting the pipeline, inhabited areasand forest in case of nearby wildfires. Such benefits can be presentedas a strong factor in obtaining financial support (grant or long-termloan) from governments (state and federal) for implementation of theproject.

FIG. 103 illustrates a side view of the solar panel assembly 610 and itsattachment system to the pipeline 400 and its lifting mechanism 612 inhorizontal position. Most of elements are illustrated and explained inmore details in FIGS. 100-102. Here is also illustrated a condenser 660installed under pipeline 400 to use coolness of the pipeline forcondensation. The condenser 660 consist of bended metal pipeline 662 andconnectors 627 which connect closed loop line of the thermo opticalsolar system 567 and 700 which is installed nearby and is explained inFIGS. 106-112.

FIG. 104 illustrates a side view of a solar panel assembly 610 and itsattachment system 588 to the pipeline 400 with its lifting mechanism 612in raised position. Most of elements are illustrated and explained inmore details in FIGS. 100-103. Here is also illustrated a condenser 661installed around pipeline 400 to use coolness of the pipeline forcondensation. The condenser 661 consist of bended metal pipeline 663 andconnectors 627 which connect closed loop line of the thermo opticalsolar system 567 and 700 which is installed nearby and will be explainedin FIGS. 106-112. Here is also shown an alternative condensed 664 forcooling battery pack 665 (illustrated in FIG. 106).

FIG. 105 illustrates a plain view of a solar panel assembly 610 and itsattachment system 588 to the pipeline 400 with its lifting mechanism 612with solar panels which include central panel 591 and side panels 567 inhorizontal position. All elements are illustrated and explained in FIGS.100-104.

The benefits of this concept to combine solar panels with pipeline are:a) pipeline provides foundation and support for the solar panelassembly; b) If the pipeline already exists, then the “right of way” andservice road can be easily negotiated with the owner. c) If the pipelineis a planed project then the “right of way” and necessary expenses canbe shared; d) Presented pipeline system needs electricity to functionand can be supplemented by electricity generated by solar panelinstalled on the pipeline; e) The length of pipeline would providesubstantial footprint for generating electricity; e) Solar panels willprovide shade for pipeline extending life of the pipeline; and f) Thepresented solar panel assembly system provides an easy assembly of thesystem on the pipeline without altering pipeline segments.FIG. 106 illustrates a perspective view of a pipeline with solar panelassemblies 610 attached to the pipeline in combination with a line ofalternative “thermo optical solar system” 700 aside pipeline. Here areillustrated two sets of the solar panel assemblies 610 installed on eachsegment of pipeline 400. The solar panel assembly 610 is illustrated andexplained in more details in FIGS. 100-105. Here is also illustrated aline of “thermo optical solar system” 700 aside the pipeline 400 usingthe same right of way. The “thermo optical solar system” 700 consist of:a “thermo optical solar dish” 710 which contain lenses, mirrors andevaporator (illustrated in FIG. 107); power generating unit 491(illustrated in FIGS. 79-85); condenser 660 using coolness of thepipeline 400; battery pack 665 for storing electricity generated duringthe day for use at night; and post 711.

Here is also shown thermally insulated closed loop line 720 transportingsynthetic oil from heat exchanger in the “thermo optical solar dish” 710to the power generating unit 491; Here is also shown thermally insulatedclosed loop line 721 transporting working fluid from the powergenerating unit 491 to condenser 660 and to the “thermo optical solardish 710. Here is also shown thermally insulated closed loop line 722connecting condenser 664 (see FIG. 104) for cooling battery pack 665.

Here is illustrated the “thermo optical solar system” 700 as anadditional line to the solar panel assembly 610 to supplement neededenergy for operation of the pipeline 400. Both systems—the “thermooptical solar system” 700 and the solar panel assembly 610 combined withphoto voltaic (PV) central panel 591 and with thermo optical solar sidepanels 567 can be used separately. For example the “thermo optical solardish” 710 can be attached to the segments of the pipeline directlythrough a support structure 733 with fastener 734 and surrounding belt611 (see FIG. 113). The “thermo optical solar dish” 710 can be used forresidential applications for generating electricity and worm water. Inresidential application the condenser 660 can be coupled into heater(boiler) for generating worm water. Alternatively, the condenser 660 canbe placed underground or cooled conventional way with fan.

FIG. 107 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a “thermo optical solardish” 710 taken along line 107′-107″ of FIG. 108, also illustrated inFIG. 106. The “thermo optical solar dish” 710 consist of: tubular frame701 consisting of peripheral ring 702 and inner ring 703 which areconnected with cross bars 704 formed in shape to support main dish 705which has shape of lower half of doughnuts. The main dish 705 hascircular peripheral indentation in profile shape of a parabola andopening 707 in the middle. The inside of main dish 705 is coated withreflective material (mirror). The main dish 705 accommodates heatexchanger 690 which has at least one pipe-ring (heat exchanger)positioned in the focus of the parabola 708. The main dish 705 iscovered with corresponding cover dish 706 made of transparent materialsuch as glass, acrylic, or plastic. The cover dish 706 has shape ofupper half of doughnuts having circular peripheral concave indentationcorresponding to the main dish 705. It also covers central opening 707with separate concave indentation 714. The cover dish 706 insideperipheral concave indentation contains continues circular lens 715 forfocusing sunrays on at least one (second/upper) pipe-ring 717 of theheat exchanger 690 positioned in the focus of the lens 709. The sunlightpasses through the lens 715 and focuses on the focus point 709 wheresecond (upper) piper-ring 717 of the heat exchanger 690 is located. Theheat exchanger 690 is filled with synthetic oil, which heats to over400° C. (750° F.). The focused light is more than 100 times more intensethan the ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oil transfers its heat towater or working fluid, which boils and drives the power unit 490,thereby generating electricity. Synthetic oil (instead of water) is usedto carry the heat to keep the pressure within manageable parameters.

The upper surface of the transparent cover dish 706 can be flat andcoated with a special tint to attract sunlight and to prevent reflectionof the sunlight. Flat transparent cover dish 706 can be cleaned easierfrom birds dropping and dust.

The heat exchanger 690 has at least two pipe-rings of which first one716 is positioned in the focus of parabola 708 of the main dish 705 andsecond one 717 is positioned in the focus point of the lens 709 of thecover dish 706.

Heat transfer: The main dish 705 with reflective surface bouncessunlight off and direct it to a first (lower) pipe-ring 716 of the heatexchanger 690 filled with synthetic oil, which heats to over 400° C.(750° F.). The reflected light focused at the first pipe-ring 716 is 71to 80 times more intense than the ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oiltransfers its heat to water or working fluid, which boils and drives thepower unit 490, thereby generating electricity. Synthetic oil (insteadof water) is used to carry the heat to keep the pressure withinmanageable parameters.

Thermo-Optical Solar system can be separated and function as a thermoSolar system with pipe-ring 716 (heat exchanger); and an Optical Solarsystem with pipe-ring 717 (heat exchanger).

Combination of solar thermal system and solar optical systemencapsulated in a compact unit provides a “greenhouse effect,” whichcontributes to a more efficient way for harnessing solar energy.Alternatively, in order to reduce the thickness of the “Thermo-opticalSolar system” (panels and/or dish) both focuses (of lenses 709 and ofparabola 708) can be in mutual location—having both pipe-rings 717 and716 of the heat exchanger 690 as one pipe-ring in one mutual focalpoint.

Here is also illustrated cross bar 704 which is pivotally engaged with afork 718 which is connected to the branch 719 of the post 711 (see FIG.106). There is also a back dish 722 which encapsulate main dish 705 andconnect it to the pivotal arms 723 and 724 through fastener 725. Here isalso illustrated a solar tracking mechanism (servo motor) 713 forrotating dish 710 around axis of the cross bar 704 when trackinglatitude of the sun. Here is also illustrated a box 726 with electronicsfor programming and transmitting data for tracking the sun. The fork 718can have motor for rotating each dish 710 when tracking longitude of thesun. The post 711 (see FIG. 106) have solar tracking mechanism (servomotor) 712 for rotating several branches with “thermo optical solardish” 710 when tracking longitude of the sun.

When sunrays pass through transparent cover dish 706 reflects from thereflective surface of the main dish 705 into focus point of the parabola708 where first pipe-ring 716 of the heat exchanger 690 is positioned.In the focus point 708 high temperature is generated and synthetic oilpassing through pipe-rings 716 of the heat exchanger 690 transfers heatto the power unite 490 where electricity is generated.

When sunrays pass through lens 715 of transparent cover dish 706 focuseson its focus point 709 where second pipe-ring 717 of the heat exchanger690 is positioned. In focus point 709 high temperature is generated andsynthetic oil passing through pipe-rings 717 of the heat exchanger 690.The heat exchanger 690 can function as the evaporator if filed withworking fluid and directly connected to pistons of the power unit 490where electricity is generated.

The pipe-rings of the evaporator 690 passes through a coil 730 in thecentral opening 707 of the main dish 705 where the evaporator is stillheated through lens 727 of central part of the transparent cover dish714 on the way to and from the power unit 491 where electricity isgenerated (see FIG. 106). Here is also illustrated pivotal plate 728which connect pivotal arm 724 with fork 718 and branch 719 of the post711. Here is also illustrated pivotal plate 729 which connect pivotalarm 723 with fastener 725 and back dish 722. The pivotal arms 724 and723 are engaged with pivot 731. Here is also shown thermally insulatedline 720 of the closed loop system which connects evaporator 690 andpower unit 491 which generate electricity.

Although the “thermo optical solar system” 700 presented here has notbeen tested yet, it is realistic to expect that the “thermo opticalsolar system” can generate more electricity per unit surface thanphotovoltaic system because power density is substantially higher.

The thermo optical solar system is presented here for this particularapplication of the pipeline system, but it is not limited to pipelinesystem it can be use in residential applications. Presented thermooptical solar system 700 can be minimized to size of diameter of solardish 710 to be, for example, 3 inches and thickness 1.5 inches andassembled into solar panel 600 of size 3 feet by 5 feet and thickness1.5 inches which would contain 240 minimized solar dishes 710. Six suchpanels can form solar panel assembled 610 and be connected to power unit491.

Presented thermo optical solar system can be also minimized to microlevel and can be used in many application covering many surfaces forexample surface of electric airplane, electric car, roofs and walls ofbuildings, etc., to harness solar energy more efficiently from surfacesexposed to sunrays and to transfer necessary heat to binary power unit,using piston system, for generation of electricity. The power unit canbe positioned in appropriate location relative to and in balance to thesurfaces exposed to sunrays equipped with micro thermo optical solarsystem. Several modular surfaces equipped with micro thermo opticalsolar system can join one binary power unit. The micro thermo opticalsolar system can be produced by 3D printing.

FIG. 108 illustrates a plain view of a “thermo optical solar dish”. Mostof elements and its function are explained in FIG. 107.

FIG. 109 illustrates a side view of a “thermo optical solar dish”. Mostof elements and its function are explained in FIG. 107.

FIG. 110 illustrates a schematic diagram of the flow of the workingfluid in the evaporator 790 of “thermo optical solar dish” 710illustrated in FIGS. 106-109. Here are shown pipe-rings 717 which ispositioned at focal point of the circular lens 715 and pipe-rings 716which is positioned at focal point of the parabola of the main dish 705.Here is also shown coil 730 positioned at opening 707 of the main dish705.

FIG. 111 illustrates an alternative pattern of the heat exchanger 690 inthe “thermo optical solar dish” 710. Here are illustrated pipe-rings 717which are positioned in focal point of the circular lens 715 andpipe-rings 716 which are positioned at focal point of the parabola ofthe main dish 705. Here are also shown multi pipe-rings 732 parts ofclosed loop system of the heat exchanger 690 positioned betweenpipe-rings 717 and 716. Here are also shown clamp/fasteners 735 whichsecure pipe-rings 717, 716 and 732.

FIG. 112 illustrates an alternative pattern of the heat exchanger 690 inthe “thermo optical solar dish” 710. Here is illustrated an alternativepattern 688 of the heat exchanger 690.

FIG. 113 illustrates cross-sectional view of the “thermo optical solardish” 710, which is alternative design of the thermo optical solarsystem 700, assembled on the pipeline 400. Here are shown elementsexplained in FIGS. 106-112. In addition here is shown a supportstructure 733 with fastener 734 and surrounding belt 611 for securingthermo optical solar assembly 710 on the pipeline 400. Here are alsoshown attachments 215 and 216 which connect heat exchanger 690 insidemain dish 705 to the power unit 490 nearby (see FIG. 80). Here is alsoshown an electro motor (servo) 712 for rotating assembly 710 forlongitudinal traction of the sun during the day.

FIG. 114 illustrates a map for proposed location for power plants 300near Cerro Prieto Mexico, which has prevalent geothermal sources. Hereis illustrated pipeline 401, route connecting the Gulf of Californiawith the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, with power plants 300 for production ofelectricity, potable water and lithium. By using a complete closed loopheat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus (see FIG.79) at location with prevalent geothermal sources such as near CerroPrieto Mexico, would be useful and profitable venture. It would generateneeded electricity by harnessing geothermal sources and using seawaterfrom nearby Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez). Distilled water producedas a byproduct 256 could be distributed to the nearby city Mexicaliwhich desperately needs potable water. Production of lithium would beprofitable venture too. The system explained in FIG. 106, usingthermo-solar system and synthetic oil for heating the boiler of powerunit filled with working fluid can be modified with system explain inFIG. 80 where the boiler 217 of the power unit 490 can be filled withseawater, if available nearby, to generate electricity and havebyproduct potable water for consumers.

The combination of these two systems can be used in area where pipelinewith seawater is passing through especially if area is lacking potablewater such as Mexicali, Mexico, or Calexico, Calif., or Cabo San Lucas,Mexico, where there is enough sunlight and seawater (Cabo San Lucascase) but lacking potable water.

We, the USA, could use this proposal (solution) as leverage innegotiation with Mexico's officials in obtaining access to exchangingwaters without paying for importing seawater.

As an option—To introduce the Scientific Geothermal Technology toMexico's officials to be used in area of Serro Preto to harnessesprevalent geothermal sources and have byproduct potable water and asource for production of lithium—in return for sharing expenses for thepipeline from the Gulf of Mexico to the border of USA.

FIG. 115 illustrates a map for a proposed location for power plants 300near Yuma Ariz., which has prevalent geothermal sources. Here isillustrated pipeline 402 with power plants 300 for production ofelectricity and potable water. By using a complete closed-loop heatexchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus (see FIG. 79)at a location with prevalent geothermal sources such as near Yuma,Ariz., where a geothermal reservoir is not necessary would be a usefuland profitable venture. It would generate needed electricity byharnessing prevalent geothermal sources and using water from nearbyColorado River. Distilled water produced as a byproduct 256 could bebottled, as water is important commodity in the desert. Optionally, ifwater use from Colorado River at this location is limited or prohibitedthen the distilled water could be returned into the Colorado River sinceit is a free byproduct in process of generating electricity.

FIG. 116 illustrates a map for proposed two alternative locations forpower plants 300 near Salt Lake City Utah, which has prevalentgeothermal sources. Here are illustrated pipelines 403 and 404 withpower plants 300 for production of electricity and potable water. Byusing a complete closed-loop heat exchange systems combined with onboarddrilling apparatus (see FIG. 79) at a location with prevalent geothermalsources such as is the Great Salt Lake, Utah where a geothermalreservoir is not necessary would be a useful and profitable venture. Itwould generate needed electricity by harnessing prevalent geothermalsources and using salty water from the Great Salt Lake for production ofpotable water. Distilled water produced as a byproduct 256 could bebottled, as water is an important commodity, or could be returned intothe Great Salt Lake to reduce lakes salinity since it is a freebyproduct in process of generating electricity.

FIG. 117 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a “pump with continuousspiral blades” 670 which can be used in many different applications inaccordance with the invention. The concept of the pump 670 is explainedin FIGS. 70-73. In this illustration, the pump 670 is slightly modifiedto be used as a “hydro jet propulsion electric motor with continuousspiral blades” to be installed in floats of amphibian airplanes orunderneath hall of ships and other watercraft. The “hydro jet propulsionelectric motor with continuous spiral blades” shortly called the “pump”670 consists of: outer cylinder the stator 671 which has armature andelectromagnetic coils 93 permanently fix to the inner side of the outercylinder 671; inner cylinder the rotor 672 which has armature andelectromagnetic coils 95 permanently fixed to the outer side of theinner cylinder 672; bearings 97 and 597 which engage stator 671 androtor 672; continues spiral blade 651 which is permanent element of theinside wall of the rotor 672; front piece 675; and back piece 674.

When the pump 670 is activated the rotor 672 spins with continuousspiral blades which generates water jet in one direction with reactionpropulsion in opposite direction. The bearings 97 are waterproof. Thefront piece 675 is tapered to suck more water.

FIG. 118 illustrates a side view of an amphibian plane 630 with floats635 which contains the “hydro jet propulsion electric motor withcontinuous spiral blades” shortly called the “pump” 670 “illustrated inFIG. 116 in accordance with the invention. Amphibian planes as regularairplane are propelled forward by an engine with a propeller or jetengine on the fuselage or on wings. An airplane need to reach certainspeed so that air flows over and under wings can generate necessary liftforce. Amphibian planes in water need more distance for takeoff than itwould need on a dry runway because floats encounter water resistance andtherefore requires more time for reaching necessary speed for liftoffand consequently longer distance for takeoff.

Here is illustrated amphibian planes 630 with floats 635 which haverecess 632 for the pump 670.

When the pumps 670 inside floats 635 of the airplane 630 are activatedthe rotors 672 spins with continues spiral blade which generates waterjet backward with opposite reaction and propulsion forward. Speed andmass of water ejected are proportional to generated thrust. Amphibianplanes 630 with the “pump” 670 installed inside floats 635 whenactivated will reach necessary speed for liftoff faster and consequentlywould need shorter distance for takeoff. Electricity for the pump 670 isgenerated by alternator of the airplane's engine.

FIG. 119 illustrates a frontal view of one of two floats of theamphibian plane 630 illustrated in FIG. 118;

FIG. 120 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one float of theamphibian plane 630 taken along line 120′-120″ of FIG. 118. Here areshown float 635, recess 632 for housing the pump 630.

FIG. 121 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one float of theamphibian plane taken along line 121′-121″ of FIG. 118. Here is shownback section of the float with recess 632 through which water jet exitthe floats 635 and generates thrust pushing the amphibian plane 630forward.

FIG. 122 illustrates a side view of a ship 640 using the “hydro jetpropulsion electric motors with continuous spiral blades” shortly calledthe “pump” 670 for propulsion and stirring of the ship in accordancewith the invention illustrated in more details in FIG. 117. Currently,ships are propelled forward by an engine with a propeller. A propellerhas blades attached to a shaft which is rotated by piston engine orelectric motor. There are ships with electric motor and propellers thatcan steer the ship by rotating electromotor assembly around a verticalaxis.

Here is illustrated a ships 640 with cascaded recesses 641, 642, and 643in which are installed multi pumps 670. The upper surface of the pump670 is fixed to the vertical plate 646 which functions as a shaft forrotating pump 670 around a vertical axis for steering 360°. By having aslim profile the vertical plate 646 also function as a small rudder.

FIG. 123 illustrates a rear view of a ship illustrated in FIG. 121 usingpumps 670 for propulsion and stirring in accordance with the invention;

Presented invention explains a method of how to use unlimited sources ofgeothermal energy which has not been used in this way today. Presentedinvention explains how to use the internal heat of our planet andproduce electricity deep down and transmit it to the surface by cable.Presented invention explains self-contained geothermal generator withits basic elements, their shape, form, interactions, their functions andpossible applications.

In this presentation, turbines, generator, pumps, control valves, safetyrelief valves, sensors, lubrication line, wiring and cameras are notillustrated in details but there are many reliable, heat resistant,automatic, fast action pumps and control valves, turbines and generatorsused in power plants, steam engines, marines industry, and the like thatmay be applicable in embodiments of the present invention. Further,according to particular embodiments of the present invention, the lengthof the chambers are not limited to the respective size as represented inthe drawing figures of this disclosure, but rather they may be of anydesired length. In this presentation are explained and illustrated onlynew elements and function of the invention. All necessary elements andtools that are used in contemporary drilling technology for drillingwellbores including safety requirements casings and blow out preventer(BOP) should be used if necessary. The present invention can be used inmany different applications and environments.

The sizes of elements of this invention, such as the diameter, arelimited to drilling technology at the time, the diameter of the wellsand practical weight of the assembly.

Additionally, particular embodiments of the present invention may use acable, chain or other suitable means for lowering the geothermalgenerator into a pre-drilled hole. The apparatus can be lowered into thewell by filling the well first with water and then lowering theapparatus by gradually emptying the well or controlling buoyancy byfilling or emptying the boiler of the apparatus with fluids. Apparatusesof the present invention (SC-GGG and SCI-GHE) during lowering andraising process will be emptied from fluids to reduce the weight of theapparatuses and to increase load capacity of the derrick.

A Few Relevant Information

Seismicity

The possibility of inducing seismicity is a serious factor to considerduring the installation and operation of enhanced geothermal systems.For example, the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) requires injection ofwater to form the geothermal reservoir and that water can accumulateinto underground pre-existing pockets (caves) and when critical mass andtemperature is reached can induce an explosion which can triggerearthquakes, especially if seismic tension already exists at that area.The present invention for harnessing geothermal energy uses severalalternative systems using complete closed loop system so the possibilityof inducing earthquakes is minimized.

Calculations Regarding Geothermal Power Plant

The SCI-GGG system of the present invention incorporates already proventechnology (Boiler, Turbine, Generator, and Condenser). An OrganicRankine Cycle (“ORC”) and has already been in use over the last 30years. Basically, an ORC operates on two separate flows of hot and coolliquid. The final numbers of the production and operation of the ORCdepends of selected location and accessible temperature. In general, inorder to operate the system, the ORC needs a minimum necessary heat ofthe evaporator within the range of 80° C.—140° C. (176° F.—284° F.). TheCondenser needs three times cooling fluid the input heat flow andfurther needs the necessary temperature to be less than 30° C. (86° F.).The Differential in temperature needs to be 65° C. (125° F.) less thaninput heat flow temperature.

Maintenance

The basic maintenance of embodiments of the present invention can bemanaged from a ground surface through maintenance lines which compriseelectrical lines used for controlling automation (valves), sensors,cameras, and the like; and an oil cooling and lubrication line forlubricating moving parts (bearings) with oil filters on the groundsurface for easier access. There is also a service line for controllingand maintaining levels of fluids in the boiler and condenser. Forgeneral maintenance such as replacement of bearings, turbines orgenerator, apparatus may be pulled up from the well-bore and refurnishedor trashed and replace with a new apparatus.

Vertical Approach

Embodiments of the system of the present invention promote a progressive“vertical approach” to reach and utilize heat from hot rocks or otherheated surrounding environment rather than horizontal approach used inEnhanced Geothermal System (“EGS”). The EGS is based on exploringcertain locations (nests) and injecting water in those locations untilheat from hot rocks is depleted (about 4-5 years) and then moving toanother (preferably nearby) location and then repeating the process andafter 3-5 years returning to previous location which would by that timereplenish heat generated from radioactive decay and internal heat.

Because SCI-GGG and Self-Contained In-Ground Heat Exchanger (“SCI-GHE”)systems use a completely closed loop system, permeability of the rocks,horizontal rock formations and substantial amount of underground wateris of lessen concern, but rather these systems can operate in a verticalapproach especially if is combined with onboard drilling apparatus.Drilling can continue as needed in search for hot rocks untilequilibrium is reached.

The extended depth will result in hotter rock formations and heat fluxwill be of less concern. Eventually, a point will be reached where heatextraction from hot rocks and heat replenishment will be in balance—willreach equilibrium.

Lava Flow/Tube

In certain locations, such as Hawaii, drilling may not be necessary. Twoposts on either side of a lava flow/tube can be erected with cableextended between them, like a bridge, and either of apparatuses SCI-GGGand/or SCI-GHE can be lowered close to lava with binary power unitnearby on the ground, preferably mobile with emergency exit roads, andelectricity can be produced.

Dry Rock & Hydrothermal Reservoir

Although main purpose of the Scientific Geothermal Systems (SCI-GGG &SCI-GHE) is to use limitless dry hot rocks for production ofelectricity, is not limited to dry hot rocks—it can be lowered intoexisting hydrothermal reservoir.

In another embodiment, the SCI-GHE could be also easily used in reverseorder to heat (warm) the ground (or surroundings) if needed. Forexample, and without limitation, to extract oil, which is in solidstate, the oil needs warming in order to be liquefied. Today they areinjecting hot water or other necessary fluid or gas (such as CO2) intoground that warms the solidified oil. That water loses a lot of heat onthe way down and also gets mixed with the oil and later, when pumped outto the surface, has to be separated from the oil. With a SCI-GHE theground can be warmed effectively by heating water (fluids) on the groundsurface in boiler 220 and circulating it to heat exchanger 168 deep downthrough thermally insulated pipes 72 so that heat is not lost duringfluid circulation. Alternatively, if needed, additional open loop linecan be installed to deliver necessary substance, fluid, CO2, etc. to bedispersed through cracks, fissures into surrounded solidify oilformation and be heated by heat exchanger 168 to liquefy oil for easierextraction. The boiler 220 on the ground surface for this purpose can beheated with different source of heat including geothermal if accessible.

Other embodiments include cooling a dysfunctional nuclear reactor aftera possible accident. A first coiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 168) may belowered into a damaged nuclear reactor and a second coiled pipe (HeatExchanger 182) into nearby cold reservoir, or if nearby an ocean. Thiscan be repeated with many such apparatuses. Several SCI-GHEs may be usedto cool the reactor and surrounding area with a closed loop system. Thisis better than the current approach of pouring water on the reactor withfire truck equipment (or alike) and then collecting runaway water intoreservoirs on nearby sites. That is an open loop system and itcontaminates the ground as well as possible ground water. Also, waterused for it is contaminated and requires careful disposal.

Another embodiment may be used for cooling mines. In some deep mines,miners have problem with heat reaching temperatures over 100 F. ASCI-GHE could operate to cool the surrounding environment within a deepmine. A first coiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 168) could be laid on awalkway or any appropriate locations inside the mine, and a secondcoiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 182) may be placed up on the ground surfacepreferably in a cool environment, such as a shaded area or a body ofwater. The first and second coiled pipes (Heat Exchangers) are connectedwith thermally insulated pipes 72 to prevent heat/cold exchange in longlines between the Heat Exchangers. Several inline pumps may be requiredto force fluid flow quickly through the system. It would absorb heatfrom mine and exchange it outside in the colder environment.

Further, another embodiment includes utilizing oil wells that areabandoned or about to be abandoned. These wells are typically referredto as “Stripper Wells” or “Marginal Wells.” These wells are determinedto be in this state if they produce less than 10 barrels of oil per day.Most of these wells are very hot and at a depth of several miles. Theheat in these wells may be utilized by implementing SCI-GGG and/orSCI-GHE systems. The system may be sized and shaped to fit within thediameter of the well and lowered in to function as described above. Aslim, powerful, in-line pump will make fluid flow fast and minimize heatlost during the operation of the system. Additionally, the in-line pumpdesign could be used for pumping oil up on surface from oil wellswithout underground pressure.

Preliminary Analyzes of Several Route Options:

Preliminary calculations for several routes for importing seawater tothe Salton Sea

PE (Potential Energy)=M G H

==>Mas×Gravitation×Height (in meters)

Water that falls through pipe or exit under pressure from pipe (turbine)

KE (Kinetic energy)=½×M×V²

M=mass

V=velocity of the water at the nozzle (exit)

Difference between surface of the Ocean and surface of the Salton Seais—230 feet (about 70 meters).

Route #1—Importing seawater from the Gulf of California—corridor: SanFelipe—Mexicali, Mexico,—Salton Sea. Pipeline distance is about 150miles.

Free Fall:

S=½ g×t²;

S=Vertical distance;

g=gravity=9.81;

t=time

Free Fall Values at 70 Meters Drop:

S=½ g×t²

70=½×9.81×t²

t²=140/9.81=14.27

t=√14.27=3.77 seconds

Speed of water at nozzle at the bottom of the vertical fall at 70meters:

V=g×t

V=9.81×3.77=37.05 meters per second (41.01 y/s)

Kinetic Energy

For 70 meter drop from top of the hill to the surface of the lake

The surface of the lake is 70 meters below ocean level.

Speed of the water at the surface of lake or at the turbine is 37.05 m/s(41.01 y/s)

Ek=½M×V²

Ek=Kinetic Energy

M=Mass

M=Ek×2/V²

M=1.16 m²×37.05=42.98 m³=>42.98×(994 kg=weight of water at 100°F.)=42,720 kg (42,720 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).

Ek=½ M×V²=½×42,720 kg×(37.05×37.05)=>½×42,720 kg×1,372.7

=>½ 58,641,744=29,320,872 MWs in period of one hour it is 29.3 MWh

Efficiency factor usually used is 15% loss=>29.3 MWh×0.85=24.9 MWh.

At this early stage without final testing of the new system, it isrealistic to expect that by using “delta” hydropower plant which harnessenergy after main turbine using mass and speed of fluid (no gravity) canbe harnessed an additional 10% of energy which is about 2.4 MWh whichend up to about 27.3 MWh.

Presented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it can generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.

(1 acre of solar panels produces 1.5 MWh−1.68 MWh).

Photo Voltaic PV panels on 160 miles (length of pipeline)=141.137 acresof panels==>.

141.137 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=211.75968 MWh.

Although ten-fold ratio would be a more realistic ratio, here will becalculated only five-fold ratio.

The Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System installed on pipeline Route #1 cangenerate 1,058.79 MWh.

Estimated Revenue Generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) SystemInstalled on Pipeline Route #1:

1,058.79 MWh×$60=$63,527.4 per hour;

$63,527.4×6 hours=$381,164.4 per day;

$381,164.4×300 days=$114,349,320 per year.

Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System installedon pipeline Route #1 would be at least $114,349,320 per year.

It is realistic to expect that starting with 5 pipelines with diameterof 48″ and speed of seawater 7.4 m/s (8.2 y/s) at Gulf of California(near San Felipe) and then gradually reducing number of pipelinesthrough several sections of 150 miles distance to 5, 3, and 1 pipeline(50 miles×5 pipelines+50 miles×3 pipelines+50 miles 1 pipeline) in a fewweeks the speed of seawater through pipeline will be stabilized and willcontinue without using initial in-line-pump at the entrance of thepipeline.

Diameter of pipe is 48″

A=πr²=3.14×(2×2)=12.56 f²

12.56 f²/9=1.39y²=1.16 m²

1.39 y²×41.0 y per s=57.00 y³×(31,536,000 seconds in ayear)=1,797,674,900 y³=1,114,261 acre foot per year. This is volume ofseawater entering the lake through one pipe with diameter 48″ at speedof 41.0 y/s (yard per second).

V=velocity=>7.4 m/s=8.2 y/s is the speed that is needed to pump waterfrom the ocean through 5 pipelines of 48″ diameter to balance forevaporation at the lake's surface which is about 1,100,000 acre foot peryear.

The volume/mass of water (42,720 kg) per second exiting the mainin-line-generator at speed of 37 mps (41 y/s) and after “delta”hydropower plant entering the Salton Sea is the same mass of water(42,720 kg) per second entering 5 pipelines in Gulf of Mexico at speedof 7.4 mps (8.2yps).

Revenue Generated by the Hydropower Plant:

Assumed price of $60 per MWh;

$60×27.3 MWh=$1,638 per hour;

$1,638×24 h=$39,312 per day;

$39,312×350 days=$13,759,200 per year;

The Route #1 would be the least expensive because of suitable topographyof the terrain—about 10 meters elevation to overcome, but it deals withthe “Other Country issue” which is a big issue.

Route #2—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor:Oceanside—Temecula—San Jacinto—(existing tunnel)—Cabazon—Salton Sea.Elevation to overcome is 1,600′ (488 m). Pipeline distance is about 160(150) miles.

Downhill routes of the pipeline can be built using several cascades with“split and join” hydropower plants to avoid buildup of extreme pressurein the pipeline especially in the last section of the final downhillroute. By using several cascades with several “split and join” and“delta” hydropower stations this system can harness more kinetic energyand minimize loses.Free Fall Values at 488 Meters+(70 Meters Ocean to Lake Difference)=558MetersOn this route can be used 2 cascades each with 279 m drop and 6 uphillpumping stations.Free Fall:S=½ g×t²;S=Vertical distance;g=gravity=9.81;t=timeFree Fall Values at 279 MetersS=½ g×t²279=½×9.81×t²t²=558/9.81=56.88t=√56.88=7.54 secondsSpeed of water at nozzle at the bottom of the vertical fall at 279meters:V=g×tV=9.81×7.54=73.98 m/s=(80.9 y/s)Kinetic EnergyFor 279 m drop (first cascade) to the first in-line-turbine/generator.Speed of the water at the exit of first in-line-turbine/generator is73.98 m/s=(80.9 y/s)Ek=½ M×V²Ek=Kinetic EnergyM=MassM=Ek×2/V²M=1.16 m²×73.98 m/s=85.81 m³=>85.81×(994 kg=weight of water at 100°F.)=85,302 kg(85,302 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).Ek=½ M×V²=½×85,302 kg×(73.98 m/s×73.98 m/s)=>½×85,302 kg×5,473=>½ 466,857,840=233,428,920 MWs in period of one hour it is 233.43 MWhEfficiency factor usually used is 15% loss=>233.43 MWh×0.85=198.41 MWhTwo such cascade drops adds to 198.41 MWh×2 (cascade drops)=396.82 MWhAt this early stage without final testing of the new system, it isrealistic to expect that by using “split and join” hydropower plants and“delta” hydropower plant which harness energy after fluid leaves mainturbine using mass and speed of fluid (no gravity) can be harnessedadditional 10% of energy which is about 39.6 MWh. In this case, it endsup to about 436.4 MWhThe energy needed to transport the same amount of water through uphillpipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #2) is 1,600′ (488 m).EP=M×g×h=85,302 kg×9.81×488 m=408,364,550 MWs in an hour it is 408.3 MWhEfficiency factor could be around 40%=>408.3 MWh×1.4=571 MWh.Energy Net for Route #2: 436.4 MWh−571 MWh=−134.5 MWhPresented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it would generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.Photo Voltaic PV panels on 160 miles (length of pipeline)=141.137 acresof panels==>.141.137 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=211.75968 MWh.Although ten-fold ratio would be a more realistic ratio, here will becalculated only five-fold ratio.The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #2 pipeline couldgenerate 1,058.79 MWh.1,058.79 MWh−134.5 MWh=924.30 MWh.Remaining 924.30 MWh can be sold to the grid.Revenue:924.30 MWh×$60=$55,458 per hour;$55,4584×6 hours=$332,748 per day;$332,748×300 days=$99,824,400 per year;

Route #3—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor:Oceanside—Temecula—San Jacinto—Beaumont. Elevation to overcome is 2,700′(823 m).

Pipeline distance is about 160 miles.

Downhill routes of the pipeline can be built using several cascades with“split and join” hydropower plants to avoid buildup of extreme pressurein the pipeline especially in the last section of the final downhillroute. By using several cascades with several “split and join” and“delta” hydropower stations this system can harness more kinetic energyand minimize loses.Free Fall values at 823 meters+(70 meters Ocean to Lake difference)=893metersOn this route can be used 3 cascades each with 297 m drop and 9 uphillpumping stations.Free Fall:S=½ g×t²;S=Vertical distance;g=gravity=9.81;t=timeFree Fall Values at 297 MetersS=½ g×t²297=½×9.81×t²t²=594/9.81=60.55t=√60.55=7.78 secondsSpeed of water at nozzle at the bottom of the vertical fall at 297meters:V=g×tV=9.81×7.78=76.33 m/s=(83.47 y/s)Kinetic EnergyFor 297 m drop (first cascade) to the first in-line-turbine/generator.Speed of the water at the exit of first in-line-turbine/generator is76.33 m/s=(83.47 y/s)Ek=½ M×V²Ek=Kinetic EnergyM=MassM=Ek×2/V²M=1.16 m²×76.33 m/s=88.54 m³=>88.54×(994 kg=weight of water at 100°F.)=88,008 kg(88,008 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).Ek=½ M×V²=½×88,008 kg×(76.33 m/s×76.33 m/s)=>½×88,008 kg×5,826=>½ 512,734,600=256,367,300 MWs in period of one hour it is 256.36 MWhEfficiency factor usually used is 15% loss=>256.36 MWh×0.85=217.90 MWhThree such cascade drops add to 217.90 MWh×3 (cascade drops)=653.7 MWhAt this early stage without final testing of the new system, it isrealistic to expect that by using “split and join” and “delta”hydropower plant which harness energy after fluid leaves main turbineusing mass and speed of fluid (no gravity) can be harnessed at leastadditional 10% of energy which is about 65.3 MWh. In this case, it endsup to about 719.0 MWh.The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through uphillpipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #3) is 2,700′ (823 m):EP=M×g×h=88,008 kg×9.81×823 m=710,544,020 MWs in an hour it is 710.5 MWhEfficiency factor could be around 40%=>710.5 MWh×1.4=994.7 MWh.Energy Net for Route #3: 719.0 MWh−994.7 MWh=−275.7 MWhPresented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it would generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.Photo Voltaic PV panels on 170 miles (length of pipeline)=149.99644acres of panels==>.149.99644 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=224.99466 MWh.Although ten-fold ratio would be a more realistic ratio, here will becalculated the only five-fold ratio.The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #3 pipeline couldgenerate 1,124.97 MWh. 1,124.97 MWh−275.7 MWh=849.27 MWh.Remaining 849.27 MWh can be sold to the grid.Revenue: 849.27 MWh×$60=$50,956.2 per hour;$50,956.2×6 hours=$305,737.2 per day;$305,737.2×300 days=$91,721,160 per year;

Route #4—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor: Oceanside—BorregoSprings—Salton Sea. Elevation to overcome is 3,600′ (1,097 m).

Pipeline distance is about 100 miles.

Downhill routes of the pipeline can be built using several cascades with“split and join” hydropower plants to avoid buildup of extreme pressurein the pipeline especially in the last section of the final downhillroute. By using several cascades with several “split and join” and“delta” hydropower stations this system can harness more kinetic energyand minimize loses.Free Fall Values at 1,097 Meters+(70 Meters Ocean to LakeDifference)=1,167 MetersOn this route can be used 4 cascades each with 292 m drop and 11 uphillpumping stations.Free Fall:S=½ g×t²;S=Vertical distance;g=gravity=9.81;t=timeFree Fall Values at 292 MetersS=½ g×t²292=½×9.81×t²t²=584/9.81=59.53t=√59.53=7.71 secondsSpeed of water at nozzle at the bottom of the vertical fall at 292meters:V=g×tV=9.81×7.71=75.7 m/s=(82.78 y/s)Kinetic EnergyFor 292 m drop (first cascade) to the first in-line-turbine/generator.Speed of the water at the exit of first in-line-turbine/generator is75.7 m/s=(82.78 y/s)Ek=½ M×V²Ek=Kinetic EnergyM=MassM=Ek×2/V²M=1.16 m²×75.7 m/s=87.81 m³=>87.81×(994 kg=weight of water at 100°F.)=87,285 kg (87,285 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).Ek=½ M×V²=½×87,285 kg×(75.7 m/s×75.7 m/s)=>½×87,285 kg×5,730.45=>½ 500,185,810=250,092,900 MWs in period of one hour it is 250 MWhEfficiency factor usually used is 15% loss=>250 MWh×0.85=212.5 MWhTwo such cascade drops adds to 212.5 MWh×4 (cascade drops)=850 MWhAt this early stage without final testing of the new system, it isrealistic to expect that by using “split and join” hydropower plants and“delta” hydropower plant which harness energy after fluid leaves mainturbine using mass and speed (no gravity) can be harnessed additional10% of energy which is about 85 MWh. In this case, it ends up to about935 MWh.The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through uphillpipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #3) is 3,600′ (1,097 m):EP=M×g×h=87,285 kg×9.81×1,097 m=939,323,630 MWs in an hour it is 939 MWhEfficiency factor could be around 40%=>939 MWh×1.4=1,315 MWh.Energy Net for Route #4: 935 MWh—1,315 MWh=−380 MWh.Presented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it can generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.Photo Voltaic PV panels on 100 miles (length of pipeline)=88.2 acres ofpanels==>.88.2 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=132.34 MWh.Although ten-fold ratio would be a more realistic ratio, here will becalculated the only five-fold ratio.The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #4 pipeline cangenerate 661.7 MWh.661.7 MWh−380 MWh=281.7 MWh.Remaining 281.7 MWh can be sold to the grid.Revenue: 281.7 MWh×$60=$16,902 per hour;$16,902×6 hours=$101,412 per day;$101,412×300 days=$30,423,600 per year.

Route #5—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor: LongBeach—Whitewater—Salton Sea. Elevation to overcome is 2,700′ (823 m).

Pipeline distance is about 200 miles.

There is “Inland California Express”—Existing Pipeline—60 yearold—diameter 16″ for crude oil—96 miles long from Long Beach toWhitewater area. The Questar Company own pipeline.

The pipeline is not operational at the moment. The Questar Company has“Right of Way” and is willing to sell it. Emphasis is on the “Right ofWay”.

Presented new pipeline is 48″ diameter. Downhill routes of pipeline canbe built using several cascades with “split and join” hydropower plantsto avoid buildup of extreme pressure in the pipeline especially in thelast section of the final downhill route. By using several cascades withseveral “split and join” and “delta” hydropower stations this system canharness more kinetic energy and minimize loses.Free Fall Values at 823 Meters+(70 Meters Ocean to Lake Difference)=893MetersOn this route can be used 3 cascades each with 297 m drop and 9 uphillpumping stations.Free Fall:S=½ g×t²;S=Vertical distance;g=gravity=9.81;t=timeFree Fall Values at 297 MetersS=½ g×t²297=½×9.81×t²t²=594/9.81=60.55t=√60.55=7.78 secondsSpeed of water at nozzle at the bottom of the vertical fall at 297meters:V=g×tV=9.81×7.78=76.33 m/s=(83.47 y/s)Kinetic EnergyFor 297 m drop (first cascade) to the first in-line-turbine/generator.Speed of the water at the exit of first in-line-turbine/generator is76.33 m/s=(83.47 y/s)Ek=½ M×V²Ek=Kinetic EnergyM=MassM=Ek×2/V²M=1.16 m²×76.33 m/s=88.54 m³=>88.54×(994 kg=weight of water at 100°F.)=88,008 kg(88,008 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).Ek=½ M×V²=½×88,008 kg×(76.33 m/s×76.33 m/s)=>½×88,008 kg×5,826=>½ 512,734,600=256,367,300 MWs in period of one hour it is 256.36 MWhEfficiency factor usually used is 15% loss=>256.36 MWh×0.85=217.90 MWhThree such cascade drops add to 217.90 MWh×3 (cascade drops)=653.7 MWhAt this early stage without final testing of the new system, it isrealistic to expect that by using “split and join” and “delta”hydropower plant which harness energy after fluid leaves main turbineusing mass and speed of fluid (no gravity) can be harnessed at leastadditional 10% of energy which is about 65.3 MWh. In this case, it endsup to about 719.0 MWh.The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through uphillpipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #5 elevation 2,700′ (823m):EP=M×g×h=88,008 kg×9.81×823 m=710,544,020 MWs in an hour it is 710.5 MWhEfficiency factor could be around 40%=>710.5 MWh×1.4=994.7 MWh.Energy Net for Route #5: 719.0 MWh−994.7 MWh=−275.7 MWhPresented “thermo optical solar system” has not been tested yet, but itis realistic to expect that it can generate multi-fold electricity perunite surface than photovoltaic system because power density issubstantially higher.Photo Voltaic PV panels on 200 miles (length of pipeline)=176.4664 acresof panels==>.176.4664 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=264.6996 MWh.Although ten-fold ratio would be a more realistic ratio, here will becalculated the only five-fold ratio.The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #5 pipeline couldgenerate 1,323.49 MWh.1,323.49 MWh−275.7 MWh=1,047.80 MWh.Remaining 1,047.80 MWh can be sold to the grid.Revenue: 1,047.80 MWh×$60=$62,868 per hour;$62,868×6 hours=$377,208 per day;$377,208×300 days=$113,162,400 per year;

Preliminary Pipeline Cost Estimate

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Pipeline Route #1:

-   -   The range of cost today of installed pressure pipe of 48-inch        diameter in various terrains is about $600—$1,000 per linear        foot. Here is used most conservative option $1,000 per linear        foot.    -   The Route #1 has a distance of about 150 miles with preferred        topography which has an advantage in pipeline cost. Let's assume        $600 per linear foot.    -   One mile 5,280×$600=$3,168,000.    -   $3,168,000×450 miles relatively flat terrain (50 miles×5        pipelines+50 miles×3 pipelines 50 miles 1        pipeline)=$1,425,600,000    -   Because of a new product development+several pumping stations        which will work temporally+final “delta” power plant on the        final route+adding several freeway underpasses, right-of-way        permits—the final cost might increase 20% to about $1.7 billion.    -   If the option—to pump out high salinity water from bottom of the        lake into vast Ocean—is accepted through negotiation with Mexico        authorities then the same presented pumping system for importing        seawater can be used for exporting high salinity water        (concentrated salty water at the bottom of the lake) from the        Salton Sea into the Ocean by switching direction of rotation of        the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 and 573. Reverse flow can be        activated periodically for example: two weeks per year twice a        year.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Pipeline Route #2:

-   -   The range of cost today of installed pressure pipe of 48-inch        diameter in various terrains is about $600-$1,000 per linear        foot. Here is used most conservative option $1,000 per linear        foot.    -   A mile=5,280′×$1,000=$5,280,000;    -   The Route #2 has distance of about 150 miles.    -   $5,280,000×375 miles (75 miles uphill×5        pipelines)=$1,980,000,000.    -   $5,280,000×75 miles (75 miles downhill×1 pipeline)=$396,000,000.    -   $2,376,000,000    -   Connecting the Salton Sea with Pacific Ocean (San Diego area)        distance about 150 miles        -   75 miles uphill (5 pipelines)+75 miles downhill (1 pipeline)            it ends up to about $2.376 billion.    -   Because of mountain terrain+development of a new product+several        pumping stations+several tanks on uphill route+several “split        and join” power plants+final “delta” power plant on the final        route+adding several freeway underpasses, right-of-way        permits—the final cost might increase 40% to about $3.32        billion.    -   If the option—to pump out high salinity water from bottom of the        lake into vast Ocean—is accepted through regulatory agencies and        authorities then the same presented pumping system for importing        seawater can be used for exporting high salinity water        (concentrated salty water at the bottom of the lake) from the        Salton Sea into the Ocean by switching direction of rotation of        the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 and 573. Reverse flow can be        activated periodically for example: two weeks per year twice a        year.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Pipeline Route #3:

-   -   The Route #3 has distance of about 160 miles.    -   $5,280,000×400 miles (80 miles uphill×5        pipelines)=$2,112,000,000.    -   $5,280,000×80 miles (80 miles downhill×1 pipeline)=$422,400,000.    -   Connecting the Salton Sea with the Pacific Ocean (San Diego        area) distance about 160 miles—80 miles uphill (5 pipelines)+80        miles downhill (1 pipeline) it ends up to about $2,534,400,000.    -   Because of mountain terrain+development of a new product+several        pumping stations+several tanks on uphill route+several “split        and join” power plants+final “delta” power plant on the final        route+adding several freeway underpasses, right-of-way        permits—the cost might increase 40% to about $3.5 billion    -   If the option—to pump out high salinity water from bottom of the        lake into vast Ocean—is accepted through regulatory agencies and        authorities then the same presented pumping system for importing        seawater can be used for exporting high salinity water        (concentrated salty water at the bottom of the lake) from the        Salton Sea into the Ocean by switching direction of rotation of        the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 and 573. Reverse flow can be        activated periodically for example: two weeks per year twice a        year.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Pipeline Route #4:

-   -   The Route #4 has distance of about 100 miles which has an        advantage in pipeline cost    -   $5,280,000×250 miles (50 miles uphill×5        pipelines)=$1,320,000,000.    -   $5,280,000×50 miles (50 miles downhill×1 pipeline)=$264,400,000.    -   Connecting the Salton Sea with the Pacific Ocean (San Diego        area) distance about 100 miles—50 miles uphill (5 pipelines)+50        miles downhill (1 pipeline) it ends up to about $1.584 billion.    -   Because of mountain terrain+development of a new prod        uct+several pumping stations+several tanks on uphill        route+several “split and join” power plants+final “delta” power        plant on the final route+adding several freeway underpasses,        right-of-way permits—the cost might increase 40% to about $2.22        billion.    -   If the option—to pump out high salinity water from bottom of the        lake into vast Ocean—is accepted through regulatory agencies and        authorities then the same presented pumping system for importing        seawater can be used for exporting high salinity water        (concentrated salty water at the bottom of the lake) from the        Salton Sea into the Ocean by switching direction of rotation of        the In-Line-Pump/Generator 572 and 573. Reverse flow can be        activated periodically for example: two weeks per year twice a        year.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Pipeline Route #5:

-   -   The Route #5 has distance of about 200 miles.    -   $5,280,000×500 miles (100 miles uphill×5        pipelines)=$2,640,000,000.    -   $5,280,000×100 miles (100 miles downhill×1        pipeline)=$528,000,000.    -   Connecting the Salton Sea with the Pacific Ocean (Long Beach        area) distance about 200 miles—100 miles uphill (5        pipelines)+100 miles downhill (1 pipeline) it ends up to about        $3.168 billion.    -   Because of mountain terrain+development of a new product+several        pumping stations+several tanks on uphill route+several “split        and join” power plants+final “delta” power plant on the final        route+adding several freeway underpasses, right-of-way        permits—the cost might increase 30% to about $4.118 billion.    -   High salinity water (brine) has higher density and has a        tendency to accumulate at the lowest point(s) at the bottom of        the lake where can be accessed, pump it up and used in a new        design of geothermal power plants for generation of electricity,        and as byproducts produce potable water and lithium.    -   As an option—we could pump out high salinity water from bottom        of the lake with a single pipeline 24″ diameter and disperse it        into Ocean: A few miles offshore near Carlsbad there is a trench        called “Carlsbad Canyon” through which high salinity water would        slide slowly into depth of the Ocean and find its way to join        existing currents in the vast ocean without negative effect on        marine life. Such option might add about 30% to the cost of each        route.    -   Hypersaline water—brine—is in sync with natural occurrence in        oceans and together with temperature difference the main engine        in currents circulation in Oceans—called “deep ocean currents”        or thermohaline circulation.

Preliminary Estimate for Energy Needed to Pump Out and Transport HighSalinity Water from Bottom of the Lake and Transport it into theOcean—Route #1:

-   -   Diameter of pipe is 24″=2′    -   A=πr²=3.14×1²=3.14 f²    -   3.14 f²/9=0.348 y²=0.2916 m²    -   Mass=0.2916 m²×10 meter per second (estimated reasonable        speed)=2.9 m³=>    -   2.9 m³×(994 kg=weight of water at 100° F.)=2,882.6 kg    -   (2,882 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).    -   The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through        uphill pipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #1) is 262′        (80 m):    -   EP=M×g×h=2,882 kg×9.81×80 m=2,261,793.6 MWs in an hour it is 2.3        MWh    -   Efficiency factor could be around 40%=>2.3 MWh×1.4=3.22 MWh.    -   Energy Net for Route #1: 27.3 MWh—3.2 MWh=24 MWh    -   The volume of outflow water is:    -   0.348 y²×10 meter per second=3.48 y³×(31,536,000 seconds in a        year)=109,745,280 y³==>68,023.93 acre-foot.

Preliminary Estimate for Energy Needed to Pump Out and Transport HighSalinity Water from Bottom of the Lake and Transport it into theOcean—Route #2:

-   -   Diameter of pipe is 24″=2′    -   A=πr²=3.14×1²=3.14 f²    -   3.14 f²/9=0.348 y²=0.2916 m²    -   Mass=0.2916 m²×10 meter per second (estimated reasonable        speed)=2.9 m³=>    -   2.9 m³×(994 kg=weight of water at 100° F.)=2,882.6 kg    -   (2,882 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).    -   The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through        uphill pipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #2) is        1,600′ (488 m):

488 Meters+(70 Meters Ocean to Lake Difference)=558 Meters

-   -   On this route can be used 6 uphill pumping stations about 100        meters each.    -   EP=M×g×h=2,882 kg×9.81×100 m=2,827,242 MWs in an hour it is 2.83        MWh    -   Efficiency factor could be around 40%=>2.83 MWh×1.4=3.96 MWh.    -   3.96 MWh×6 pumping stations=23.76 MWh.    -   It is realistic to expect that outflow in downhill routes can        generate 10% of energy used for uphill route which is 2.4 MWh.    -   Energy Net for outflow for Route #2: 23.76 MWh−2.4 MWh=21.36 MWh

Preliminary Estimate for Energy Needed to Pump Out and Transport HighSalinity Water from Bottom of the Lake and Transport it into theOcean—Route #3:

-   -   Diameter of pipe is 24″=2′    -   A=π²=3.14×1²=3.14 f²    -   3.14 f²/9=0.348 y²=0.2916 m²    -   Mass=0.2916 m²×10 meter per second (estimated reasonable        speed)=2.9 m³=>    -   2.9 m³×(994 kg=weight of water at 100° F.)=2,882.6 kg    -   (2,882 kg is the volume/mass of water per second).    -   The energy needed to transport the same amount of water through        uphill pipeline section(s) which in this case (Route #3) is        2,700′ (823 m):

823 m+(70 Meters Ocean to Lake Difference)=893 Meters

-   -   On this route can be used 9 uphill pumping stations about 100        meters each    -   EP=M×g×h=2,882 kg×9.81×100 m=2,827,242 MWs in an hour it is 2.83        MWh    -   Efficiency factor could be around 40%=>2.83 MWh×1.4=3.96 MWh.    -   3.96 MWh×9 pumping stations=35.64 MWh.    -   It is realistic to expect that outflow in downhill routes can        generate 10% of the energy used for the uphill route which is        3.5 MWh.

Energy Net for Outflow for Route #3: 35.64 MWh−3.5 MWh=32.14 MWh

Preliminary Calculation for the Cost of Two Solar System Used in thisProposal:

Although the length of most of the proposed pipeline routes is about 160miles here for easier calculation will be calculated the length ofpipeline to be 1 miles. For any particular distance, final results canbe easily calculated.

-   -   I) Solar PV panels: There are two solar panels assembly 610 on        each segment of the pipeline (see slide 70/FIG. 106). One solar        assembly 610 has two sets of three panels of dimensions about        3.5′×5.2′. Length of on segment of the pipeline is about 30 1        mile: 30′=5,280 feet: 30′ (segment)=176 pipeline segments.    -   One set of panels    -   5.2′×3.5′=18.2 square feet; =>18.2 square feet×6 panels=109.2        square feet.    -   109.2 square feet×2 assembly=218.4 square feet.    -   218.4 square feet (two assembly)×176 (segments)=38,438.4 square        feet.    -   38,438.4 square feet=0.882332 acres.    -   One mile of pipeline can have 0.882332 acres of panels.    -   0.882332 acres (of panels)×100 miles (length of pipeline)=88.2        acres of panels.    -   (1 acre of solar panels produces 1.5 MWh—1.68 MWh).    -   88.2 acres (of panels)×1.5 MWh=132.34 MWh    -   0.882332 acres (of panels)×160 miles (length of        pipeline)=141.137 acres of panels. 141.137 acres (of panels)×1.5        MWh=211.75968 MWh.    -   II) Thermo Optical Solar system (TOS): Presented “thermo optical        solar system” has not been tested yet, but it is realistic to        expect that it can generate multi-fold electricity per unite        surface than photovoltaic system because power density is        substantially higher. Although ten-fold ratio would be more        realistic ratio, here will be calculated only five-fold ratio.

Preliminary Cost Estimate of Solar Panel Assembly:

-   -   Preliminary cost estimate of one set of the “Thermo Optical        Solar (TOS) panel assembly (610) could cost about $2,000.    -   Preliminary estimate is that two sets of the “Thermo Optical        Solar (TOS) panel assembly (610) assembled on one pipeline        segment 30 feet long cost about $4,000 (See slide 70/FIG. 106).    -   176 (pipeline segment per mile)×$4,000=$704,000;    -   Assuming that every two pipeline segments there is a power unit        and a battery.    -   Preliminary cost estimate of one power unit is $3,000;    -   Preliminary cost estimate of one battery unit is $3,000; Let's        call it power pack $6,000.    -   176 segments: 2=88 power pack; 88 power pack×$6,000=$528,000;    -   For one mile the cost of (88 power pack=$528,000)+(352 Thermo        Optical Solar (TOS) panel assembly=$704,000)=$1,232,000;    -   For 160 miles the cost is $197,120,000—$200,000,000;

Summary of the Preliminary Analyzes of Several Route Options:

-   -   Route #1—Importing seawater from the Gulf of        California—corridor: San Felipe—Mexicali, Mexico,—Salton Sea.    -   Elevation to overcome is 35 (10 m);    -   Pipeline distance is about 150 miles;    -   Cost estimate for pipeline: $1.7 billion;    -   Cost estimate for TOS: $184.8 million;    -   Route #1 would generate hydropower: 27.3 MWh;    -   The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on pipeline would        generate 1,058.79 MWh;    -   Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System        installed on pipeline    -   Route #1 would be at least $114,349,320 per year;    -   Revenue generated from the “Delta” hydro power plant would be        $13,759,200 per year;    -   Revenue total: $128,108,520 per year;    -   Route #2—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor:        Oceanside—Temecula—San Jacinto—(existing tunnel)—Cabazon—Salton        Sea.    -   Elevation to overcome is 1,600′ (488 m);    -   2 cascades each with 279 m drop and 6 uphill pumping stations;    -   Pipeline distance is about 160 miles;    -   Cost estimate for pipeline: $3.32 billion;    -   Cost estimate for TOS: $200 million    -   Energy needed for operation of the pipeline: 134.5 MWh;    -   The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #2 pipeline        can generate 1,058.79    -   MWh: Remaining 924.30 MWh can be sold to the grid;    -   Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System        installed on pipeline    -   Route #2 would be at least $99,824,400 per year;    -   Route #3—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor:        Oceanside—Temecula—San Jacinto—Beaumont—Salton Sea.    -   Elevation to overcome: 2,700′ (823 m).    -   3 cascades each with 297 m drop and 9 uphill pumping stations.    -   Pipeline distance: about 170 miles.    -   Cost estimate for pipeline: $3.5 billion.    -   Cost estimate for TOS: $209.44 million    -   Energy needed for operation of the pipeline: 275.7 MWh;    -   The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on the Route #3        pipeline can generate 1,124.97 MWh;    -   Remaining 849.27 MWh can be sold to the grid;    -   Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System        installed on pipeline    -   Route #3 would be at least $91,721,160 per year;    -   Route #4—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor:        Oceanside—Temecula—Borrego—Springs—.Salton Sea.    -   Elevation to overcome is 3,600′ (1,097 m);    -   4 cascades each with 292 m drop and 11 uphill pumping stations;    -   Pipeline distance: about 100 miles;    -   Cost estimate for pipeline: $2.22 billion;    -   Cost estimate for TOS: $123,200,000 million;    -   Energy needed for operation of the pipeline: 380 MWh;    -   The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #4 pipeline        can generate 661,7 MWh; Remaining 281.7 MWh can be sold to the        grid;    -   Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System        installed on pipeline Route #4 would be at least $30,423,600 per        year.    -   Route #5—Importing seawater from the Ocean—corridor: Long        Beach—Whitewater—Salton Sea.    -   Elevation to overcome: 2,700′ (823 m);    -   3 cascades each with 297 m drop and 9 uphill pumping stations;    -   Pipeline distance: about 200 miles;    -   Cost estimate for pipeline: $4.118 billion;    -   Cost estimate for TOS: $246,400,000 million;    -   Energy needed for operation of the pipeline: 275.7 MWh;    -   The Thermo Optical Solar System installed on route #5 pipeline        can generate 1,323.49 MWh; Remaining 1,047.80 MWh can be sold to        the grid;    -   Revenue generated from the Thermo Optical Solar (TOS) System        installed on pipeline Route #5 would be at least $113,162,400        per year.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Phase I & II

This proposal is a preliminary design explaining the feasibility of theconcept. The second stage would require collaboration with potentialcontractors and would contain more details, including more detailed costestimate, which would follow with the final production design.

The range of cost today of installed pressure pipe of 48-inch diameterin various terrains is about $600—$1,000 per linear foot.

Here is used most conservative option $1,000 per linear foot.

-   -   A mile=5,280′×$1,000=$5,280,000;    -   Distance about 160 miles.    -   $5,280,000×400 miles (80 miles uphill×5        pipelines)=$2,112,000,000.    -   $5,280,000×80 miles (80 miles downhill×1 pipeline)=$422,400,000.        Connecting the Salton Sea with Pacific Ocean (San Diego area)        distance about 160 miles−80 miles uphill (5 pipelines)+80 miles        downhill (1 pipeline) it ends up to about $2,534,400,000.

Because of mountain terrain+development of a new product+several pumpingstations+several tanks on uphill route+several “split and join” powerplants+final “delta” power plant on the final route+adding severalfreeway underpasses, right-of-way permits—the cost might increase 40%ending to about $3.5 billion.

Two main dikes (about 15 miles), separating the Salton Sea and severalsecondary dikes (another 15 miles), including treatment plants, couldcost about $3 billion, which would add up (I & II phase) to about $6.5billion.

Three Power Plants (final development of the system, including drillingsystem, and production of one at each sector) might come to about $1billion.

Preliminary Cost Estimate for Phase III & IV

Proposed Geothermal Power Plant(s)—the “Scientific GeothermalTechnology” consists of 24 well-bores and with many projected powerplants (in 100s) drilling is most expensive and most important part,therefore we need to implement a new system for drilling faster, deeperand wider wellbores.

The cost for 60″ diameter wellbore 8,000 feet deep might cost about $3M;

-   -   24 wellbore×$3M=$75,000,000;    -   Binary Power Unit of 4 MW might cost about $100,000;    -   (Binary Power Unit of 4 MW is modest assumption.)    -   24 Binary Power Unit×$100,000=$2,400,000;    -   The control center might cost about $4,600,000;    -   The potable water pond might cost about $5,000,000;    -   Piping system might cost about $2,000,000;    -   A new derrick might cost about $9,000,000;    -   One Geothermal Power Plant might cost about $98,000,000;        ˜$100,000,000;    -   10 Power Plant including final development of the drilling        system might cost about $1,000,000,000;

The new drilling system is more expensive at this earlier stage becauseof development cost, but in the long term it would be better and lessexpensive solution.

Several initiating power plants on several sectors around the Salton Seawould be able to provide finance for subsequent power plants.

More power plants we build with initial budget the faster we willprecede with subsequent power plants and whole project, which finalresult will be more clean energy and more potable water.

It is realistic to conclude that Phases I—IV, would cost around $10billion dollars, (preferably less) with the final result of “really”saving the Salton Sea and providing conditions for tourism, cleanenergy, potable water, and prosperous economy.

Production Capacity and Revenue of One Geothermal Power Plant

-   -   Proposed Geothermal Power Plant(s) the “Scientific Geothermal        Technology” consist of 24 well-bores and 24 Binary Power Units;    -   24 Binary Power Units×4 MW=96 MWh; ˜100 MWh;    -   Assumed price of $60 per MWh;    -   $60×96 MWh=$5,760 per hour;    -   $5,760×24 h=$138,240 per day;    -   $138,240×365 days=$50,457,600 per year;        NOTE: This proposal is a preliminary design explaining the        feasibility of the concept. The second stage would require        collaboration with potential contractors and would contain more        details, including more detailed cost estimate, which would        follow with the final production design.

Calculations Regarding Evaporation and Necessary Inflow for theRestoration of the Salton Sea

Water Needed for Balancing Evaporation in the Southern Section 206 ofthe Lake:

Necessary inflow to balance evaporation of the whole lake is less than1,200,000 acre feet. The surface of the southern section 206 of the lakeis less than 10% of whole lake—let's say is 10%. Water needed to balanceevaporation of the southern section 206 is about 180,000 acre feet.Water needed for farmlands south of the lake is 240,000 acre feet.

Water needed for balancing evaporation in the southern section of thelake 206 and for nearby farmland is about 240,000 acre feet.

Water Needed for Balancing Evaporation in the Northern Section 204 ofthe Lake:

Necessary inflow to balance evaporation of the whole lake is less than1,200,000 acre feet. The surface of the northern section 204 of the lakeis less than 5% of whole lake—let's say is 5%. Water needed to balanceevaporation of the southern section 204 is about 60,000 acre feet.

Water needed for farmlands north of the lake is 120,000 acre feet.

Water needed for balancing evaporation in the northern section of thelake 204 and for nearby farmland is about 120,000 acre feet.

Water needed for balancing evaporation in the northern and southernsections of the lake and for nearby farmlands is about 540,000 acre feetper year.

Benefits of the Presented Proposal for the Restoration of the SaltonSea:

In Summary—Presented proposal for the restoration of the Salton Seaincludes an architectural element which harmoniously incorporatesseveral patented technologies into a self-sustaining organism.

The proposal has the following benefits:

a) It is a long-term solution for the restoration of the Salton Sea andour community and it can be considered as a “Project of the Century”;

b) By dividing the lake into three sections with two main dikes (twolane roads) it would prevent further pollution of the central part ofthe lake with runoff waters from nearby farms which contain fertilizers,pesticides, and sewer from Mexicali, Mexico.

c) Optionally, if we, the USA, are successful in negotiation withMexico's officials, at least for redirecting flow of the New River andAlamo River back in Mexico, and by implementing pipeline with sprinklersystem for farmland, then we will not have to deal with runoff waterfrom farmland entering the Lake.d) Treating runoff water (all current inflow) in the northern andsouthern section of the lake naturally with gravity, mangrove trees and,if needed, other appropriate treatments, and then reusing treated waterfor farmland. It would provide a substantial amount of water forfarmland even after the enforcement of the QSA. In fact, presentedproposal is in harmony with reduction of inflow from canal after theenforcement of the QSA. NOTE: At the present time purpose for farmland'srunoff water is to compensate for evaporation of the lake and cannot beused for farmland as it merges with the salty water of the lake.e) Dividing the lake into three sections would provide vast wildlifesanctuary and visitor attraction. Birds can choose which section toinhabit.f) Importing water from the Pacific Ocean in the central section of thelake with a pipeline system (Illustrated in the Power Point slides 27)and maintaining the water level of the lake as it was in the 1950s and60s would provide condition for tourism. It would also eliminate theneeds for expensive the “Salton Sea Management Program”, whose purposeis to constantly mediate toxic dust storms induced by soon exposed 100ssquare miles of lakebed of the depleting Lake.g) Importing water from the Pacific Ocean in the central section of thelake and extracting concentrated salty water from the bottom of the lakewould desalinate the lake almost to the level of the seawater in a fewyears and would provide a condition for tourism (hotels, motels,resorts, beaches, waterfront properties, etc.).h) Presented system for harnessing geothermal energy the “ScientificGeothermal Technology” which uses breakthrough technology—completelyclosed loop system can generate much more electricity than conventionalgeothermal power plants because it is not limited to the existinggeothermal reservoirs and can be built nearby the Lake without damagingLake's original coastline and condition for tourism.i) It would generate a substantial amount of potable water from seawateras a byproduct with no additional expenses for it and the lake couldserve in the future as a hub station for the production and distributionof new produced potable water throughout other areas of the desert.j) It would provide an inexpensive super saturated brine as byproduct—asource for extraction of lithium by using imprinted polymers.k) It would generate $100s billion in revenue (electricity, tourism,lithium) in a few decades for our communities and would continue so inthe future.l) It would provide a clean environment by maintaining water level ofthe lake of the 1950s and 60s and subsequently preventing depletion ofthe lake and formation of toxic dust storms.m) It would employ many people during construction and afterconstruction of the project.n) It would cost about $10 billion, with the final result of “really”saving the Salton Sea. (About 3.5 billion dollars for the pipelines;about $200 million for solar system associated with pipeline; about $3billion for dikes and wetlands—wildlife sanctuary; and about $1 billionfor three Power Plants—one for each sector). Phase V will becontinuation of building hundreds of Power Plants—private sector to getinvolved and future generation to continue where our generation started.o) Even if the cost of the project is $20 billion—it is imperative thatwe do it. Because it would not just eliminate incoming environmentaldisaster which would cost, according to the Pacific Institute, over $70billion in health issues of the population (asthma, cancer, etc.), dropof property value, and losing businesses—but it would provide conditionfor tourism, exclusive real estate, generation of electricity,generation of potable water and clean environment.p) The main value of my proposal and methodology is the simplicity of itand the necessity for it. An average high school student can understandit in a relatively short period of time.q) Presented proposal transforms a situation of an incomingenvironmental disaster

The Route #1 would be the least expensive because of suitable topographyof the terrain—about 10 meters elevation to overcome, but it deals withthe “Other Country issue” which is a big issue.

Our government could negotiate a treaty with Mexico for access toseawater;

Proposal for the Negotiation for Importing Seawater from the Gulf ofCalifornia:

Current Situation:

-   -   1. We need seawater from Gulf of California.    -   2. Mexico needs potable water for the Mexicali and surrounding        cities.    -   3. Mexico needs water for farmland.    -   4. We (USA) are receiving sewer from Mexicali the New River        which pollute the Salton Sea. (Gravity doesn't recognize        border).    -   5. Droughts of 17 years and enforcement of the QSA requires fast        action in reduction of use of Colorado River which makes water        even more valuable commodity.

Proposal for the Negotiation for Importing Seawater from the Gulf ofCalifornia:

a) Our (US) interest: To import seawater from the Gulf of California andto provide circulation for the Salton Sea by exporting water from theSalton Sea into Gulf of California.

b) To get corridor for pipeline preferably with fence around it formaintenance—100 years lease or second option 75 years lease with optionof instant extension for 25 years or something alike. If needed somearea of pipeline route can be underground for roads over pipelines andcontinuity of their territory.

The Solution of Mutual Interest is:

1) To redirecting the Alamo River and New River flow before entering USAand filing with it the Laguna Salada and eventually reestablish route tothe Gulf of California—preferably treated before entering the Gulf ofCalifornia.

2) To use presented proposal (technology and solution) as leverage inobtaining access to exchanging waters without paying for importingseawater.

3) To introduce the Scientific Geothermal Technology to Mexico'sofficials to be used in area of Serro Preto to harnesses geothermalsources and have a byproduct potable water and a source for productionof lithium—in return for sharing expenses for the pipeline from the Gulfof Mexico to the border of USA.The Scientific Geothermal Technology is superior to contemporarygeothermal systems, for production of electricity and potable water forMexicali, which they desperately need, and production of lithium. It isrealistic to expect that such solution would be desirable achievement byMexico's officials. It is realistic to expect that Mexico's officialswould welcome such proposal. It would be of mutual interest.We (the USA) could use mentioned facts as leverage in achieving the goalof mutual interest.

In Closing:

There are two options for decision-makers to choose the fate of theSalton Sea:

Option I) To proceed with the current project already in motion a“Smaller, Sustainable? Lake”—“10 year plan”—“Perimeter Lake”—Theprojects that will be constantly asking the State and FederalGovernments for help (for more money) for fixing never-endingproblems—and at the end losing the Lake with liabilities exceeding $70billion (environmental disaster—toxic dust storms, health issues andeconomic fold)—and in process benefiting a few companies on expenses ofenvironment and communities; And

Option II) After reviewing and understanding proposal, preferably toaccept it, redirect allocated money and efforts toward itsimplementation which would restore the Salton Sea to the water level of1950s and 60s; provide condition for tourism, wildlife sanctuary, cleanenvironment, and generate revenue in 100s Billion Dollars in severaldecades and would continue so in future. (A few companies that wouldbenefit with the (Option I) would benefit even more with the (OptionII).

I respectfully urge the decision makers on the issue of the fate of theSalton Sea to consider all option thoroughly, to consult with experts ifneeded, and to use common sense.

The embodiments and examples set forth herein were presented in order tobest explain the present invention and its particular application and tothereby enable those of ordinary skill in the art to make and use theinvention. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognizethat the foregoing description and examples have been presented for thepurpose of illustration and example only. The description as set is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light ofthe teachings above without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for restoration of salty terminal lakecomprising: a) at least one pipeline fluidly connecting the ocean with acentral section at the salty terminal lake; b) at least two dikeslocated on opposing ends of the salty terminal lake to form the centralsection to reinstate beaches and provide condition for tourism and twoseparate sections to prevent contamination of the central section ofwater with runoffs water from nearby farmlands and to form wildlifesanctuaries; c) deep cross-section “V” shaped areas for collecting highsalinity water which has higher density and accumulates at a bottom ofthe two separate sections; d) a pumping system for pumping out highsalinity waters from a bottom of the central section and the bottom ofthe two separate sections and transporting it into a boiler of at leastone new geothermal power plant; and e) the pumping system for pumpingout high salinity waters from the bottom of the central section and thebottom of the two separate sections and disposing it with waste brinefrom the at least one new power plant into injection wellbores of aconventional geothermal power plant and into existing depletinggeothermal reservoirs.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at leastone pipeline provides inflow into the central section, wherein the atleast one pipeline includes multiple pipelines on uphill routes and onepipeline in at least one downhill route and wherein the multiplepipelines on uphill routes have slower fluid speed to accommodate a samevolume of fluid in the pipeline in the downhill route having higherfluid speed and comprising primary generators and secondary generatorsarranged to maximize harness of hydro power.
 3. The system of claim 2,wherein the at least one pipeline in the downhill route comprises a“split and join” mini hydro power plants splitting water flow afterexiting the primary generators into at least two branches each having asecondary in-line generator with the same amount of fluid afterextracting energy through the primary generators and the secondaryin-line generators.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the primarygenerator in the at least one pipeline in the downhill route has lessextended spiral blades allowing flow of fluid to continue through theprimary generator to the at least two branches with slightly less speed,and the secondary generator in the at least one pipeline in the downhillroute has slightly more extended spiral blades generating electricity atlesser fluid flow speed and allowing flow to continue to subsequentsections of the at least one pipeline in the downhill route.
 5. Thesystem of claim 2, wherein in a final section of the at least onepipeline in the downhill route is a mini “delta” hydro power planthaving multi branches with gradually smaller diameter and correspondingsecondary in-line generator of the secondary in-line generators tomaximize the extraction of energy with gradually lesser fluid speed flowafter exiting the primary generators delivering the same amount of waterin a final destination, after extracting energy through the primarygenerators and secondary in-line generators, as is the amount of fluidentering the at least one pipeline in the downhill route.
 6. The systemof claim 2, wherein each of the multiple pipelines of the at least onepipeline on uphill routes has multiple mouths branches under water toreduce suction force on each mouth branch and preventing sucking in amarine creature.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the deepcross-section “V” shaped areas separates high salinity water by gravityand are configured for pumping the high salinity water into the boilersof the at least one new geothermal power plant for generation ofelectricity and desalinization.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the atleast one new geothermal power plant comprises: a derrick; an array ofwellbores; an array of power units with the boiler; turbines or pistons;a condenser; a generator; and a closed loop system with a first heatexchanger inside the wellbore at a source of heat and a second heatexchanger inside the boiler, and wherein the power unit comprises: aboiler evaporator; turbines or pistons; a condenser; a generator with agear box; and a closed loop system with a first heat exchanger at sourceof heat and a second heat exchanger inside the boiler evaporator.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the steam from the boiler evaporator feeds apiston assembly comprising at least two cylinders with correspondingpistons head and arm forming first and second chambers inside each ofthe cylinders; wherein the steam from the boiler evaporator feeds thefirst chamber of the first cylinder and the second chamber of secondcylinder pushing the pistons in motion; and each piston arm is connectedwith an activator and three port switch valve supplying steam in eachchamber and providing the cycling motion of the pistons.
 10. The systemof claim 9, wherein the pistons arms are engaged with generators througha crankshaft and gearbox which multiplies RPM of the crankshaft.
 11. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the system for harnessing geothermal energyfor generation of electricity uses a complete closed loop heat exchangesystem combined with onboard drilling apparatus.
 12. The system of claim9, wherein the condenser of each power unit has a closed loop coolingsystem with an inflow pipeline entering and an outflow pipeline exitingthe condenser using water from a nearby canal and returning the sameamount of water to the canal.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein thecondenser of each power unit contains a spiral coiled pipe with a closedend on top, surrounded with a cooling running water for condensingexhausted steam and producing potable water.
 14. The system of claim 9,wherein the closed loop system with the first heat exchanger inside thewellbore comprises a structural pipe for supporting the first heatexchanger, an in-line pump with two fluid stirring elements on an upperand a lower end of the pump to direct geothermal fluid from a lower partof the wellbore into an in-line pump and upward to circulate geothermalfluids around the first heat exchanger for more efficient heat exchange.15. The system of claim 9, wherein the boiler of each power unit isfilled with salty water from the central section and the two separatesections to generate steam to feed the pistons to spin the generator togenerate electricity and potable water.
 16. The system of claim 9,wherein high salinity brine from bottom of the central section, the twoseparate sections and bottom of the deep cross-section “V” shaped areasand bottom of the boilers is stored in a wellbore to function as amedium for heat conduction from hot rocks to the first heat exchangerand later used as a source for extraction of lithium.
 17. The system ofclaim 9, wherein the boiler of each power unit is filled with workingfluid to generate steam to feed the pistons which spins generator togenerate electricity.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein high salinitybrine from the wellbore is used as a source for extraction of lithiumand other elements and minerals.
 19. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising at least one gate coupled within a river feeding the saltyterminal lake and an optional water directing route for redirecting theflow the river feeding the salty terminal lake to prevent water in theriver feeding the salty terminal lake collecting polluted runoff waterfrom nearby farmland and sewer from foreign nearby city and deliveringthe pollution to the salty terminal lake.
 20. The system of claim 1,wherein portions of the at least one pipeline between the ocean with thecentral section at the salty terminal lake are above ground, whereinsolar panel assemblies coupled to at least some of the portions of theat least one pipeline above ground for harnessing solar energy.